Determinación de la eficacia de antihelmínticos para el tratamiento de la gastroenteritis verminosa en caprinos de la provincia de Tucumán / Determination of the efficacy of anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats from Tucumán, Argentina

Resumen En la Argentina, el 93% de la producción caprina en la Argentina es desarrollada por pequeños productores de agriculturas de subsistencia, quienes, por lo general, utilizan antihelmínticos sin asesoramiento profesional, lo que, probablemente, ha llevado al desarrollo de resistencia, comprometiendo seriamente la sustentabilidad del control de nematodos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la eficacia de la ivermectina, el albendazol y el levamisol para el tratamiento de la gastroenteritis verminosa en cuatro grupos de ocho caprinos cada uno, mediante el Test de Reducción del Conteo de Huevos (TRCH). Los resultados demostraron un 100% de reducción del número de HPG para los grupos tratados con albendazol y levamisol y un 17% de reducción para el grupo tratado con ivermectina, con respecto al grupo control, lo que permite inferir que existe resistencia a este fármaco.

Abstract Determination of the efficacy of anthelmintics used in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats from Tucumán, Argentina. Almost 93% of goat production in Argentina is developed by small farmers, who generally use anthelmintics without professional advice, which has led to the development of resistance, seriously compromising the sustainability of nematode control. This study aims to determine the efficacy of ivermectin, albendazole and levamisole for the treatment of verminous gastroenteritis in four groups of eight goats each, using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). The results showed a 100% reduction in the number of EPG for the groups treated with albendazole and levamisole and a 17% reduction for the group treated with ivermectin, compared to the control group, which allows us to infer that there is resistance to this drug.

Vaginal microbial communities from synchronized heifers and cows with reproductive disorders.

AIM: To evaluate changes in the resident microbial population in the cranial vaginal mucosa induced by a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) compared to the vaginal microbiota of cows with reproductive disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vaginal discharge was evaluated by clinical examination and a Vaginitis Diagnosis Score was performed by exfoliative cytology. All samples classified as positive and some classified as negative by clinical evaluation were later diagnosed as positive for vaginitis by cytological analysis. Bacterial diversity profiles were performed by PCR-DGGE and clustered according to the reproductive health status of the specimens, revealing a correspondence between the structures of the communities in the vagina and the clinical profile. Representative bands from each group were sequenced and identified as Ruminococcus sp., Dialister sp., Escherichia sp./Shigella sp., Virgibacillus sp., Campylobacter sp., Helcoccoccus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Actinopolymorpha sp., Exiguobacterium sp., Haemophilus sp./Histophilus sp., Aeribacillus sp., Porphyromonas sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Clostridium sp. CONCLUSION: Our results contribute to the knowledge of the vaginal microbiome in synchronized heifers showing positive or negative clinical vaginitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study contributes to the understanding of a dynamic vaginal colonization by bacterial consortiums during the synchronization with a widely used PRID protocol. Also, the results reveal the presence of well-known metritis-related pathogens as well as emerging uterine opportunistic pathogens. The provided information will allow to carry out further studies to elucidate functional roles of these native micro-organisms in the bovine reproductive tract.

Pituitary response to a dopamine antagonist at different times of the day in normal women.

In order to determine whether or not pituitary responsiveness to the dopaminergic antagonist clebopride changes during the nyctohemeral cycle, 10 healthy women with regular cycles were given 1 mg of clebopride orally at 09.00 h and 24.00 h with at least a 5 day interval between each test. In addition, 5 of the women were given a placebo instead of clebopride at midnight to evaluate the spontaneous hormonal changes. During the 24.00 h test the women had significantly higher (P less than 0.05) mean TSH basal levels. Serum prolactin (Prl) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) after clebopride administration while these changes did not occur when placebo was used instead of clebopride at midnight. The Prl response to clebopride was qualitatively similar at 09.00 h and at 24.00 h. Clebopride given at midnight induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in serum TSH while this change did not occur when the drug was given at 09.00 h or when placebo was given at midnight. The administration of clebopride resulted in no discernible alternations in serum LH, FSH or GH in either the 09.00 h or the 24.00 h tests. Thus, Prl responses to clebopride were similar in the morning and at midnight, TSH significantly increased after clebopride at midnight whereas this did not occur when the drug was given in the morning, and no significant changes were induced in LH, FSH or GH at the times studied.