Tim-3 Is Differentially Expressed during Cell Activation and Interacts with the LSP-1 Protein in Human Macrophages.

T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor known to regulate T-cell activation and has been targeted for immunotherapy in cancer and other diseases. However, its expression and function in other cell types, such as macrophages, are poorly understood. This study investigated TIM-3 expression in human macrophages polarized to M1 (stimulated with IFN-γ and LPS) and M2 (stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13) phenotypes using an in vitro model. Our results show that M1 macrophages have a lower frequency of TIM-3+ cells compared to M2 macrophages at 48 and 72 hr poststimulation. Additionally, we observed differential levels of soluble ADAM 10, an enzyme responsible for TIM-3 release, in the supernatants of M1 and M2 macrophages at 72 hr. We also found that the TIM-3 intracellular tail might associate with lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP-1), a protein implicated in cell motility and podosome formation. These findings enhance our understanding of TIM-3 function in myeloid cells such as macrophages and may inform the development of immunotherapies with reduced immune-related adverse effects.

Parto gemelar de 310 días de gestación en yegua con resultado de un potro vivo y otro en estado de autolisis / Twin Delivery of 310 Days of Gestation in a Mare Resulting in One Live Foal and One Autolysed Foal

Resumen Las preñeces gemelares son gestaciones de alto riesgo, tanto para la yegua como para ambos fetos. Hoy en día existen diferentes técnicas para evitar el avance de este tipo de eventos, tanto en sus inicios como en gestaciones avanzadas. Aun así, existen múltiples casos de gestaciones dobles que presentan diferentes resultados ya evidenciados. En este caso se reportó una yegua de raza polo argentino de ocho años, que llegó al Centro de Perinatología Equina Foal Care por presentar gestación gemelar de 292 días. Se prolongó la gestación durante dieciocho días más, con ayuda de terapia farmacológica. Finalmente, nació un potro vivo con múltiples complicaciones, incluyendo el hecho de ser un potro prematuro. El segundo potro nació muerto con características de momificación y autolisis. En conclusión, se requirió de un adecuado monitoreo reproductivo por parte del veterinario para prevenir el avance de este tipo de gestación.

Abstract Nowadays, there are different techniques to avoid the progression of this type of events, both in early and advanced gestations. Even so, there are multiple cases of double gestations that present different results already evidenced. In this case, an eight-year-old Argentine polo mare was reported, who arrived at the Foal Care Equine Perinatology Center because she presented a twin gestation of 292 days. The gestation was prolonged for eighteen more days, with the help of pharmacological therapy. Finally, a live foal was born with multiple complications, including being a premature foal. The second foal was stillborn with mummification and autolysis characteristics. In conclusion, adequate reproductive monitoring by the veterinarian was required to prevent the progression of this type of gestation.

Sinonasal Myxoma: A Distinct Lesion of Infants.

An 11 month old Caucasian male presented with swelling of the right side of the nose and buccal vestibule of unknown duration. Radiographic images revealed a well-circumscribed, hypodense soft tissue mass with a peripheral hyperdense circumference involving the anterior aspect of the right maxilla. The lesion extended from the inferior aspect of the orbital rim superiorly to the maxillary bone inferiorly without invading any nearby structures. The lesion was completely resected via combined extraoral and intraoral approach. The clinical, radiographic, histologic and immunohistochemical features of a sinonasal myxoma in an infant are discussed.

Esthetic Management of a Recurrent Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma.

INTRODUCTION: A peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) presents similarly to other soft tissue reactive lesions, such as pyogenic granuloma or peripheral giant cell granuloma, and yet the pathogenesis of POFs remains undetermined. Surgical excision is the standard of care for a POF, but given their propensity to present in the esthetic area and likelihood for recurrence, these lesions must be addressed with careful technique to prevent mucogingival defects. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to show that complete excision of a recurrent POF followed by a pouch recipient bed preparation for simultaneous soft tissue augmentation, and this technique may prove to be a novel and predictable approach to successfully treat such cases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old female presented with a firm, sessile, painless, broad-based, gingival mass between the maxillary central and lateral incisors. It was excised conservatively and allowed to heal by secondary intention. A histopathologic diagnosis of POF was made, but after 12 months, the mass recurred. Subsequent excision of the recurrent lesion was performed by removing the free gingival margin and surrounding tissues. All gingival and periosteal tissues involved were removed aggressively in addition to thorough root planing. Peripheral undermining of the marginal tissue was performed to create a pouch, preparing a recipient site for simultaneous soft tissue augmentation. Palatal connective tissue was harvested and sutured into the recipient site such that the tissue defect was filled, and the exposed root remained completely covered after 48 months. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical excision with simultaneous soft tissue augmentation may successfully resolve the pathologic process and ensure esthetic success in cases of recurrent POFs.