Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 8 de 8
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
2.
Br J Biomed Sci ; 72(3): 120-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26510268

RESUMO

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the 'gold standard' for genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); however, the DiversiLab (DL) system, based on rep-PCR, is faster, simpler and could be better adapted to daily routine hospital work. We genotyped 100 MRSA isolates using PFGE, DL, and spa typing, and evaluated the discriminatory power of each technique and the correlation between them by Simpson's index(SI) and adjusted Rand coefficient (ARI), respectively. The isolates were from clinical samples from eight hospitals in Extremadura (Spain) during 2010. DL separated the 100 MRSA into 18 patterns, with 69% of the isolates grouped into four predominant patterns. spa typing reported 17 spa types, classifying 69% of MRSA into two major types (t067 and t002). PFGE revealed the existence of 27 patterns, gathering 54% of MRSA into three pulse types (E8a, E7a and E7b). SI values were 0.819, 0.726, 0.887 and 0.460 for DL, spa typing, PFGE and CC-BURP, respectively. ARI values of DL over PFGE, spa typing and CC-BURP were 0.151, 0.321 and 0.071, respectively. DL has less discriminatory power than PFGE but more than spa typing. The concordance of DL with PFGE is low, primarily because DL does not discriminate between the three predominant MRSA pulse types in our environment.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/normas , Genótipo , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Repetições de Microssatélites , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia
3.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 28(2): 79-85, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25904514

RESUMO

Genotyping methods are useful resources for the surveillance, detection, prevention and control of multidrug-resistant nosocomial agents, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An understanding of the association between genotype and antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA clones may be useful in the surveillance of MRSA and to avoid inappropriate treatment future resistance. We genotyped MRSA clinical isolates from the Extremadura region of Spain using pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE) and analyzed the spectrum of antibiotic susceptibility for each isolate to determine whether resistance is associated with specific genotypes. PFGE revealed six major genotypes: E8a (25%), E7b (17%), E7a (12%), E8B (8%), E10 (6%), and E20 (4%). Isolates with the genotypes E8a and E10 exhibit higher resistance ratios for levofloxacin than isolates with the other major pulsotypes. Similar results were obtained for isolates with the E20 pulsotype with respect to mupirocin. Although we identified no vancomycin-, tigecycline-, linezolid- or daptomycin-resistant strains, we observed significant differences in the mean MIC values obtained for some of these drugs among the major genotypes. Specifically, isolates with the E7b, E8b, and E20 genotypes have signif-icantly higher MICs of tigecycline, vancomycin and linezolid, respectively, than the most sensitive pulsotypes. Isolates with the E8b profile also exhibit a significantly higher rate of re-duced vancomycin susceptibility (RVS) (i.e., MIC between 1 and 2 mg/L) than clones with the E10 and E8a profiles. In conclusion, we report associations between genotype and antibiotic sensitivity that should be considered in programs for monitor-ing and controlling MRSA in health care settings.


Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Meios de Cultura , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genótipo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
4.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 27(3): 180-9, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25229373

RESUMO

The correct surveillance and control of infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) needs of update knowledge of its specific properties in each place. Our study aims to describe the current characteristics of infection due to MRSA in Extremadura. During 2010, 309 MRSA were collected from clinical samples in our region. A susceptibility test that included 17 antibiotics tested by AST -588 card Vitek 2 ® and E -test method was performed on all isolates. A sample of 100 strains, selected by stratified random sampling, were genotyped by pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence of MRSA in Extremadura was 20.2%. Don Benito-Villanueva area showed the most prevalence and a higher incidence. Merida reported the most favourable situation, with a relatively low ratios of prevalence and incidence. The community acquired reached 44 % in the region, showing predominantly in less populated areas (Navalmoral and Coria). The most common multiresistant pattern was tobramycin-levofloxacin-erythromycin (44%), followed tobramycin-erythromycin-clindamycin (20%). No linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline resistant strains were observed, but 42 % of the MRSA strains showed decreased susceptibility vancomycin (DSV). PFGE analysis reported 27 genotypes, with 3 major genotypes: E8a (25%), E7b (17%) and E7a (12%). The post-hoc statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in the distribution of genotypes between different areas. However it revealed some trends that should be considered.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Incidência , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Espanha/epidemiologia , Resistência a Vancomicina
5.
Euro Surveill ; 19(27): 14-20, 2014 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25033052

RESUMO

The Y155H amino acid substitution in the neuraminidase gene (NA) has previously been associated with highly reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors in the seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus which circulated in humans before the 2009 pandemic. During the 2012/13 epidemic season in Spain, two A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses bearing the specific Y155H substitution in the NA were detected and isolated from two patients diagnosed with severe respiratory syndrome and pneumonia requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Contrary to what was observed in the seasonal A(H1N1) viruses, neither of the Y155H A(H1N1) pdm09 viruses described here showed a phenotype of reduced inhibition by NAIs as determined by the neuraminidase enzyme inhibition assay (MUNANA). High-throughput sequencing of the NA of both Y155H viruses showed that they were composed to >99% of H155 variants. We believe that this report can contribute to a better understanding of the biological significance of amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase protein with regard to susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. This is of critical importance for optimal management of influenza disease patients.


Assuntos
Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Neuraminidase/genética , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Oseltamivir/uso terapêutico , Pandemias , Fenótipo , RNA Viral/genética , Estações do Ano , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Espanha/epidemiologia , Proteínas Virais , Zanamivir/farmacologia , Zanamivir/uso terapêutico
6.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 28(10): 1281-4, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19639350

RESUMO

An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) occurred over the course of a 27-week period in our adult polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU). Twenty-one patients were affected, and 72 strains were identified from different clinical samples. The strains were resistant to all antibiotics except for colistin and ampicillin/sulbactam. Forty-nine MRAB strains collected from 18 patients were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This analysis revealed four highly-related PFGE types (genetic similarity index >90%) termed 1, 2, 3 and 4, that were isolated in 13, seven, one, and three patients, respectively. A single PFGE type was identified from five of ten patients with successive isolation of MRAB; in the other five patients, two or three PFGE types were detected. This suggested phased evolution of PFGE types 2, 3 and 4 from PFGE type 1. Global mortality was high (13 patients; 62%). Non-survivors had higher APACHE II scores than survivors on the date that MRAB was isolated (OR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.02, 2.44]). The outbreak was controlled after implementation of an extensive infection control program.


Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , APACHE , Infecções por Acinetobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Acinetobacter/mortalidade , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/mortalidade , Surtos de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genótipo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Análise de Sobrevida
7.
Chemotherapy ; 50(2): 101-4, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15211086

RESUMO

The in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 41 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci was determined. A relationship between the activity of moxifloxacin and biofilm formation was detected. Biofilm-producing strains were more resistant to moxifloxacin than biofilm-negative strains. Our global results obtained with six strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis showed that subinhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin did not significantly modify biofilm formation. On the other hand, moxifloxacin concentrations of 2, 10, 50 and 100 x MIC produced a log decrease in viable count (included in a biofilm) of 0.20, 0.37, 1.10 and 1.69, respectively.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Aza/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Coagulase/metabolismo , Fluoroquinolonas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Moxifloxacina , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus epidermidis/fisiologia
8.
Med Mycol ; 41(2): 167-70, 2003 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12964850

RESUMO

An in vitro study to evaluate the antifungal effect and activity of aspartyl proteinases of the HIV-proteinase inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir was conducted. Ritonavir diminished the growth rate of Candida albicans as well as the activity of its secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) in a nitrogen-limited medium, yeast carbon base and bovine serum albumin (YCB-BSA). This inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent fashion; with 8 mg l(-1) of ritonavir a partial growth inhibition (44%) was produced. The growth rate of C. albicans in medium with saquinavir was similar to that seen in the control, and Sap activity was inhibited only at high concentrations. In conventional medium (RPMI-1640), which does not induce the production of yeast proteases, no inhibitory effect was detected with either HIV-protease inhibitor.


Assuntos
Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , Ritonavir/farmacologia , Saquinavir/farmacologia , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Candida albicans/enzimologia , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meios de Cultura
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...