Excess costs associated with common healthcare-associated infections in an Iranian cardiac surgical unit.

Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) following open heart surgery is not only a major cause of mortality and morbidity, but also carries higher costs. There are limited data on the additional costs due to HCAI in non-western countries. To estimate the direct cost of the four most common HCAIs in an Iranian sample, we studied 1191 patients admitted for elective open heart surgery. HCAIs were defined using the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance criteria (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). The financial costs of length of stay per day in hospital, paraclinical services, medications, instruments, and operating room were provided by the hospital's finance department. The contribution of HCAI to excess direct medical costs in patients with HCAI was assessed by multivariable linear regression. In the study population, the mean age was 57.3±11.9 years, 857 (72.0%) were men, and 64 (5.4%) developed HCAI. In total there were 73 infections of which the most common was surgical site infection (49.3%), followed by urinary tract infection (20.5%), bloodstream infection (16.5%), and pneumonia (13.7%). After adjustment for other confounders HCAI remained associated with excess direct medical costs (ß=1707.06, SE=90.84; P < 0.001). The medical costs in patients with HCAI were almost twice those in patients without HCAI. More than half of the excess cost was attributable to prolonged hospitalisation.

Myocardial infarction secondary to premature coronary artery disease as the initial major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A 32-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department was diagnosed with acute anterior myocardial infarction, treated with thrombolytics and referred for angiography on the basis of her age. The patient was then referred for angioplasty with the diagnosis of an atherosclerotic lesion in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Successful treatment of the lesion by primary stenting ensued. Laboratory findings revealed a state of hypercoagulability as well as some collagen fibre disease. The final diagnosis, confirmed by a rheumatologist, was systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with premature atherosclerosis of the LAD in addition to hypercoagulability. A Medline search of the literature revealed limited previous reports of myocardial infarction due to premature coronary artery disease as the first manifestation in SLE.