Navigating the intersection of psychiatry and ophthalmology: A comprehensive review of depression and anxiety management in glaucoma patients.

Glaucoma, a prevalent and debilitating eye disease, has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness. However, recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition. Anxiety and depression, two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities, have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients. This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology, in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients. By meticulously examining peer-reviewed literature, we synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms of anxiety and depression in glaucoma. The evidence reveals that glaucoma patients face an elevated risk of experiencing these mood disorders. Factors such as progressive vision loss, complex medication regimens, and the fear of further visual deterioration contribute to their vulnerability. Moreover, we delve into the bidirectional relationship between glaucoma and mood disorders, shedding light on the complex interplay between ocular and emotional health. Our review investigates the implications of anxiety and depression on glaucoma management, including their potential impact on treatment adherence, disease progression, and overall quality of life. We also explore the neurobiological pathways linking glaucoma and mood disorders, providing a foundation for future research and potential therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, recognizing the psychological burden carried by glaucoma patients is essential for holistic and patient-centered care. This review underscores the pressing need for integrated approaches that bring together ophthalmological and psychiatric expertise to optimize the well-being of individuals facing the challenges of glaucoma. By addressing anxiety and depression in glaucoma care, healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for these patients, ultimately leading to improved outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by this condition. This review offers valuable insight for healthcare practitioners and researchers, providing a concise overview of key topics and research in the field of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients.

Unveiling the silent link: Normal-tension glaucoma's enigmatic bond with cardiac blood flow.

This comprehensive review embarks on a captivating journey into the complex relationship between cardiology and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), a condition that continues to baffle clinicians and researchers alike. NTG, characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss despite normal intraocular pressure, has long puzzled clinicians. One emerging perspective suggests that alterations in ocular blood flow, particularly within the optic nerve head, may play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. While NTG shares commonalities with its high-tension counterpart, its unique pathogenesis and potential ties to cardiovascular health make it a fascinating subject of exploration. It navigates through the complex web of vascular dysregulation, blood pressure and perfusion pressure, neurovascular coupling, and oxidative stress, seeking to uncover the hidden threads that tie the heart and eyes together in NTG. This review explores into the intricate mechanisms connecting cardiovascular factors to NTG, shedding light on how cardiac dynamics can influence ocular health, particularly in cases where intraocular pressure remains within the normal range. NTG's enigmatic nature, often characterized by seemingly contradictory risk factors and clinical profiles, underscores the need for a holistic approach to patient care. Drawing parallels to cardiac health, we examine into the shared vascular terrain connecting the heart and the eyes. Cardiovascular factors, including systemic blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and microcirculatory anomalies, may exert a profound influence on ocular perfusion, impacting the delicate balance within the optic nerve head. By elucidating the subtle clues and potential associations between cardiology and NTG, this review invites clinicians to consider a broader perspective in their evaluation and management of this elusive condition. As the understanding of these connections evolves, so too may the prospects for early diagnosis and tailored interventions, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those living with NTG.

Goodpasture syndrome: a rare case presenting with recurrent haemoptysis.

Goodpasture syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease which affects young adults with a male preponderance and can be triggered at any point in life with a classical clinical triad of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage and circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM antibody). Here we are presenting a case of a young man with hypertension in his early 20s who presented with fatigue, recurrent haemoptysis, breathlessness and decreased urine output without features of infection. He was diagnosed at an early stage of the disease with the help of clinical, serological and radiological findings. An early diagnosis with effective treatment using plasma exchange, intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide showed a rapid improvement in the patient's condition with an immediate decrease in anti-GBM titres and proteinuria.

Advancing MXene Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion Reactions: Surface, Stoichiometry, and Stability.

MXenes, due to their tailorable chemistry and favourable physical properties, have great promise in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions. To exploit fully their enormous potential, further advances specific to electrocatalysis revolving around their performance, stability, compositional discovery and synthesis are required. The most recent advances in these aspects are discussed in detail: surface functional and stoichiometric modifications which can improve performance, Pourbaix stability related to their electrocatalytic operating conditions, density functional theory and advances in machine learning for their discovery, and prospects in large scale synthesis and solution processing techniques to produce membrane electrode assemblies and integrated electrodes. This Review provides a perspective that is complemented by new density functional theory calculations which show how these recent advances in MXene material design are paving the way for effective electrocatalysts required for the transition to integrated renewable energy systems.

Transcatheter management of aorto-right ventricular tunnel: A surprise in the catheterization laboratory.

Herein, we report successful device closure of aorto-right ventricular tunnel (ARVT) in a 2 year-old-boy presenting with recurrent respiratory tract infection and poor weight gain. He was initially diagnosed with coronary arteriovenous fistula after the clinical examination and echocardiogram. However, his cardiac catheterization revealed ARVT. Although most of the aorto-ventricular tunnels are managed by surgical intervention, we successfully managed our case with transcatheter intervention.

Fundamental investigations on the sodium-ion transport properties of mixed polyanion solid-state battery electrolytes.

Lithium and sodium (Na) mixed polyanion solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries display some of the highest ionic conductivities reported to date. However, the effect of polyanion mixing on the ion-transport properties is still not fully understood. Here, we focus on Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) NASICON electrolyte to elucidate the role of polyanion mixing on the Na-ion transport properties. Although NASICON is a widely investigated system, transport properties derived from experiments or theory vary by orders of magnitude. We use more than 2000 distinct ab initio-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to map the compositional space of NASICON over various time ranges, spatial resolutions and temperatures. Via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on samples with different sodium content, we find that the highest ionic conductivity (i.e., about 0.165 S cm-1 at 473 K) is experimentally achieved in Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12, in line with simulations (i.e., about 0.170 S cm-1 at 473 K). The theoretical studies indicate that doped NASICON compounds (especially those with a silicon content x ≥ 2.4) can improve the Na-ion mobility compared to undoped NASICON compositions.

Granulomatosis polyangiitis of the heart-an unusual presentation: a case report and review of literature.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a multi-system disorder associated with ocular, renal, cardiac, pulmonary involvement. However cardiac involvement is very rare compared to other systems. We present a case of an unusual presentation of GPA associated with ocular involvement super imposed on pre-existing rheumatic valvular disease. The cardiac involvement manifested as a thick fibro elastic membrane encasing the aortic and mitral valve annuli making the valve replacements a real technical challenge. The patient needed permanent pacemaker implantation due to intermittent complete heart block that was present even preoperatively. The patient was started on steroids and is doing well until the last follow-up. This case highlights the importance of recognition of GPA in cardiac surgery and to be aware of such an entity when one encounters a thick whitish avascular fibro elastic membrane encasing cardiac valves and endocardium, obliterating the anatomical delineation of structures during surgery.

Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy as angioscope to ascertain completeness of pulmonary embolectomy: surgery for pulmonary embolism-how I do it.

Rarely pulmonary embolectomy has also been used as a salvage procedure for acute right ventricle (RV) dysfunction following acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Complete surgical removal of thromboembolus in acute pulmonary thromboembolism is an essential pre-requisite for good outcome. Complete clearance of thromboembolic load from pulmonary arterial tree is difficult to assess intraoperatively. We hereby describe the use of flexible fibre optic bronchoscope (FFB) as angioscope to visualise the pulmonary arterial tree intraoperatively. Angioscopy ascertains the complete clearance up to subsegmental level after thromboembolectomy and aids in the removal of residual thrombus or embolus. Herein, we describe a case series of two patients, where FFB was used as angioscope during surgery for APE.

Factors Governing Oxygen Vacancy Formation in Oxide Perovskites.

The control of oxygen vacancy (VO) formation is critical to advancing multiple metal-oxide-perovskite-based technologies. We report the construction of a compact linear model for the neutral VO formation energy in ABO3 perovskites that reproduces, with reasonable fidelity, Hubbard-U-corrected density functional theory calculations based on the state-of-the-art, strongly constrained and appropriately normed exchange-correlation functional. We obtain a mean absolute error of 0.45 eV for perovskites stable at 298 K, an accuracy that holds across a large, electronically diverse set of ABO3 perovskites. Our model considers perovskites containing alkaline-earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) and lanthanides (La and Ce) on the A-site and 3d transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) on the B-site in six different crystal systems (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, and monoclinic) common to perovskites. Physically intuitive metrics easily extracted from existing experimental thermochemical data or via inexpensive quantum mechanical calculations, including crystal bond dissociation energies and (solid phase) reduction potentials, are key components of the model. Beyond validation of the model against known experimental trends in materials used in solid oxide fuel cells, the model yields new candidate perovskites not contained in our training data set, such as (Bi,Y)(Fe,Co)O3, which we predict may have favorable thermochemical water-splitting properties. The confluence of sufficient accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability afforded by our model not only facilitates high-throughput computational screening for any application that requires the precise control of VO concentrations but also provides a clear picture of the dominant physics governing VO formation in metal-oxide perovskites.

Chasing the umbrella: delayed migration of ductal occluder device into the aorta.

Delayed migration of a ductal occluder device into the aorta after transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus is extremely rare. We present a case of delayed migration of a ductal occluder into the descending aorta 4 months after its deployment in an 11-year-old girl. Successful surgical removal of the device from the descending aorta and triple-ligation of the ductus arteriosus was performed via a left thoracotomy. The patient made an uneventful recovery.

First-principles evaluation of multi-valent cation insertion into orthorhombic V2O5.

A systematic first-principles evaluation of the insertion behavior of multi-valent cations in orthorhombic V2O5 is performed. Layer spacing, voltage, phase stability, and ion mobility are computed for Li(+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Ca(2+), and Al(3+) intercalation in the α and δ polymorphs.