A novel nanocomposite containing zinc ferrite nanoparticles embedded in carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel plus carbon nitride nanosheets with multifunctional bioactivity.

A novel and biologically active nanobiocomposite is synthesized based on carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4) based carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels with embedded zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Physical-chemical aspects, morphological properties, and their multifunctional biological properties have been considered in the process of evaluation of the synthesized structure. The hydrogels' compressive strength and compressive modulus are 1.98 ± 0.03 MPa and 3.46 ± 0.05 MPa, respectively. Regarding the biological response, it is shown that the nanobiocomposite is non-toxic and biocompatible, and hemocompatible (with Hu02 cells). In addition, the developed material offers a suitable antibacterial activity for both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Functionalization of chitosan by metformin, nickel metal ions and magnetic nanoparticles as a nanobiocomposite for purification of alkaline phosphatase from hen's egg yolk.

In this study, a novel and green chitosan-metformin/NiCl2/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposite was synthesized and used to purify alkaline phosphatase (ALPs) from hen's egg yolk. For this purpose, after functionalization of the chitosan biopolymer by terephthaloyl chloride-metformin ligand, the coordination with Ni(II) and magnetization process were performed. The structure and properties of the synthesized nanobiocomposite were then evaluated by using analyzes such as FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, TGA and VSM. Purification of ALPs with chitosan-metformin/NiCl2/Fe3O4 nanobiocomposite is a fast, reusable and cost-effective method. By this protocol, 62% purification efficiency was obtained and the synthesized nanobiocomposite was not attached to other proteins in hen's egg yolk. ALPs was obtained approximately in the pure form and the purification process was evaluated using SDS-PAGE. The reusability of nanobiocomposites was evaluated and a slight decrease in adsorption capacity was observed after 4 cycles.

Recent advances on biomedical applications of pectin-containing biomaterials.

There is a growing demand for biomaterials developing with novel properties for biomedical applications hence, hydrogels with 3D crosslinked polymeric structures obtained from natural polymers have been deeply inspected in this field. Pectin a unique biopolymer found in the cell walls of fruits and vegetables is extensively used in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries due to its ability to form a thick gel-like solution. Considering biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy gelling capability, and facile manipulation of pectin-based biomaterials; they have been thoroughly investigated for various potential biomedical applications including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, creation of implantable devices, and skin-care products.

A novel, bioactive and antibacterial scaffold based on functionalized graphene oxide with lignin, silk fibroin and ZnO nanoparticles.

In this study, a novel nanobiocomposite was synthesized using graphene oxide, lignin, silk fibroin and ZnO and used in biological fields. To synthesize this structure, after preparing graphene oxide by the Hummer method, lignin, silk fibroin, and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were added to it, respectively. Also, ZnO NPs with a particle size of about 18 nm to 33 nm was synthesized via Camellia sinensis extract by green methodology. The synthesized structure was examined as anti-biofilm agent and it was observed that the Graphene oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite has a significant ability to prevent the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm. In addition, due to the importance of the possibility of using this structure in biological environments, its toxicity and blood compatibility were also evaluated. According to the obtained results from MTT assay, the viability percentages of Hu02 cells treated with Graphene oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation were 89.96%, 89.32%, and 91.28%. On the other hand, the hemolysis percentage of the synthesized structure after 24 h and 72 h of extraction was 9.5% and 11.76% respectively. As a result, the synthesized structure has a hemolysis percentage below 12% and its toxicity effect on Hu02 cells is below 9%.

Copper(II)-ß-cyclodextrin immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a highly effective catalyst for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols.

In this study, an efficient catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) and copper(II) supported ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD/Cu(II)) was synthesized and used for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols. In this regard, CN was functionalized by ß-CD/Cu(II) via 1,3-dibromopropane linker (CN-Pr-ß-CD/Cu(II)). The prepared catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, ICP-OES, BET, and TEM analyses. CN-Pr-ß-CD/Cu(II) was subsequently applied in a direct oxidative amidation reaction and it was observed that different benzyl alcohols were converted to desire amides with good to excellent efficiency. This reaction was performed in the presence of amine hydrochloride salts, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and Ca2CO3 in acetonitrile (CH3CN) under nitrogen atmosphere. CN-Pr-ß-CD/Cu(II) can be recycled and reused five times without significant reduction in reaction efficiency.