[Bronchial hyperreactivity to the inhalation of hypo- and hyperosmolar aerosols and its correction by halotherapy]. / Giperreaktivnost' bronkhov na ingalatsii gipo- i giperosmoliarnykh aérozolei i ee korrektsiia metodom galoterapii.

18 bronchial asthma (BA) patients (12 with mild and 6 with moderate disease) were examined before and after halotherapy (HT) for airways reactivity using provocative tests with ultrasonic inhalations of purified water (UIPW) and hypertonic salt solution (HSS). Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) to UIPW and HSS before treatment occurred in 13 and 11 patients (72 and 69%, respectively). HT reduced BHR in 2/3 and 1/2 of the patients, respectively. In the rest patients BHR was unchanged or increased, being so to UIPW only in patients with atopic asthma in attenuating exacerbation. Clinical efficacy of HT and initial BHR to UIPW correlated (r = 0.56; p < 0.05). No correlation was found between HT efficacy and initial BHR to HSS.

[Development of chronic bronchitis and possibilities of objective evaluation of its premorbid states]. / Puti formirovaniia khronicheskogo bronkhita i vozmozhnosti ob"ektivizatsii ego premorbidnykh sostoianii.

A total of 163 patients with prebronchitis underwent clinical, laboratory and functional examinations from the standpoint of revealing and assessment of risk factors. Based on the data obtained the etiopathogenetic variants of the formation of chronic bronchitis (prebronchitis) were established: exogenous, endogenous and combined. The characteristic features of the variants were defined from the point of view of clinical, immunological and functional studies.

[Isocapnic cold air provocation in healthy probands]. / Isokapnische Kaltluftprovokation bei gesunden Probanden.

To study the physiological response to cold air challenge, the "flow-volume-loop" method was used. Fifty-one healthies (31 males and 20 females, mean age 30 +/- 9 years) served as the subjects. Measurements were done before and subsequently 5 and 30 min after challenge. In normal subjects it were observed both an increase and decrease of the airway obstruction. All registered changes were statistically significant. The range of normal alterations of parameters as a response to the cold air challenge was calculated on the base of obtained data.

[Prevalence of premorbid forms and chronic nonspecific lung diseases: study based on special examination of the population of 3 administrative districts of Leningrad]. / Rasprostranennost' premorbidnykh form i khronicheskikh nespetsificheskikh zabolevanii legkikh po dannym spetsial'nogo obsledovaniia zhitelei 3 administrativnykh raionov Leningrada.

For the first time ever, a familial study of 15,319 residents of three administrative districts in Leningrad has provided data on the prevalence of premorbid pulmonary conditions (157%) and chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease (118%). For Leningraders, average risk of premorbid conditions transforming into clinical ones was about 40%, which is the most objective criterion of the efficiency of bronchopulmonary disease prevention programs in large cities. In addition, data on the pattern of transformation of premorbid conditions into chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease are presented with respect to sex and age.

[Characteristics of temporary organization of the bronchopulmonary pattern in healthy persons and in patients with bronchial asthma]. / Osobennosti vremennoi organizatsii bronkhopul'monarnogo patterna u zdorovykh i bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astomoi.

It has been shown by periodographic computer analysis that ultradian rhythms of all examined parameters (bronchial resistance, inhalation, exhalation and breathing cycle duration, inspiration activity index, pneumographic amplitude, inhalation rate) of bronchopulmonary pattern in asthmatics and normal subjects exhibit latent periodicity, with prevailing oscillations of about 60 sec. during spontaneous breathing or under exposures. changing bronchial potency. Slow-wave components form very complex poly-harmonical temporal structure with specific organization during air breathing and response to challenge tests. Bronchospasm provoked by inhalation of acetylcholine produced an abrupt decrease of the number of periodical ultradian components (or even total disappearance of oscillations) and the development of a rigid hypersynchronic temporal structure on the basis of the hypersynchronized ultradien fluctiations. The principal factors of this new system may be changes of airway resistance. Analysis of our data suggests that the phenomenon of bronchial hyper-reactivity may be associated with a disturbance in temporal organization of the cardiobronchopulmonary pattern. Development of temporal disorganization may have some pathogenetic stages such as hypersynchronization, disrhythmy, appearance of a rigid temporal structure and bronchospasm as a clinical result.

[Bronchial reactivity in healthy persons as a criterion in assessing the cold test]. / Reaktivnost' bronkhov u zdorovykh lits kak kriterii otsenki kholodovoi proby.

Inspiration of cold air is offered as a test to reveal the changed bronchial reactivity. To develop criteria of individual estimation of the cold test, a group of healthy subjects (22) were examined. Bronchial patency was studied before and after inspiration of cold air. In healthy subjects, inspiration of cold air caused changes in the parameters which exceeded their reproducibility. These deviations mirrored the changes in bronchial patency, therefore to diagnose the changed bronchial reactivity, the range of insignificant changes in the parameters was enlarged to the limits of their deviations in healthy persons under the action of cold air. The obtained criteria of the deviations in the parameters can be used for estimation of the cold test.