Intratarsal Keratinous Cyst Clinically Misdiagnosed as a Chalazion.

The intratarsal keratinous cyst (IKC) is a recently described entity, often clinically misdiagnosed as a chalazion. We report a case of a 61-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of a small lesion on the upper eyelid that evolved over six months. On physical examination, an asymptomatic, firm nodule was identified on the left upper eyelid. The patient reported no history of trauma. A provisional diagnosis of chalazion was established, and an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologically, the lesion was lined with a stratified squamous epithelium, with a corrugated epithelial surface showing abrupt keratinization without keratohyalin granules, and compact keratinous-appearing material in the cystic lumen. The diagnosis was IKC. No signs of recurrence were observed after one year of follow-up. It is essential to accurately diagnose IKC and distinguish it from chalazion and epidermal inclusion cysts, because IKC requires complete surgical excision and can exhibit multiple recurrences if not properly removed.

Neutropenia e mucosite oral: fatores de risco para candidiase em crianças com câncer / Neutropenia and oral mucositis: risck factors for candidiasis in children with cancer

A mucosite oral (MO) representa uma complicação estomatológica desafiante em pacientes com câncer, a qual pode causar significativa morbidade e comprometimento dos protocolos de tratamento, podendo ainda representar um risco significativo de infecções oportunista, particularmente em pacientes neutropênicos. Mediante inspeção clinica foi avaliada a ocorrência de MO e candidíase em 40 crianças com neoplasias. A MO foi observada em 13 crianças com neoplasias sistêmicas (n = 25) e 3 com tumores sólidos (n = 15), sem diferença estatisticamente significativa na ocorrência desta complicação entre as crianças com neoplasias sistêmicas e aquelas com tumores sólidos (p = 1,69). Observou-se que 5 crianças em tratamento para neoplasias sistêmicas desenvolveram em conjunto 10 lesões de candidíase, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa na ocorrência desta infecção entre as crianças com neoplasias sistêmicas e aquelas com tumores sólidos (p = 0,08). Constatou- se a ocorrência de 26 (7,3%) episódios de neutropenia, sendo 5 destes associados à ocorrência candidiase, nenhum dos quais ocorreu associado à presença concomitante de MO. A neutropenia contribui para o desenvolvimento de candidíase, a qual pode ser agravada pela falta de higiene oral, entre outros fatores.

The oral mucositis (OM) is a challenging stomatologic complication in patients with cancer, which may cause significant morbidity and impairment of treatment protocols and may represent a significant risk of opportunistic infections, particularly in neutropenic patients. Upon inspection clinic was assessed the occurrence of OM and candidiasis in 40 children with malignancies. By hematologic laboratorial exam was availed de absolute neutrophil count (ANC). The OM was observed in 13 children with systemic neoplasms (n = 25) and 3 with solid tumors (n = 15), no statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of this complication among children with systemic malignanciesand those with solid tumors (p = 1, 69). It was observed that 5 children in treatment for systemic cancers developed together 10 lesions of candidiasis, but no statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of this infection among children with systemic malignancies and those with solid tumors (p = 0.08). It was observed the occurrence of 26 (7.3%) episodes of neutropenia, 5 of them associated with the occurrence of candidiasis, none of which were associated with concomitant presence of OM. The neutropenia contributes to the development of candidiasis, which may be aggravated by defficient oral hygiene, among other factors.

Orofacial rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature.

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are among the most common soft-tissue tumors in children. These tumors are derived from mesenchymal tissue with a tendency toward myogenic differentiation that probably originates from immature and highly invasive satellite cells associated with the embryogenesis of skeletal muscle. Some of these tumors are associated with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. The diagnosis is made by microscopic analysis and auxiliary techniques such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetic analysis, and molecular biology. We report here a case of orofacial RMS in a 4- year-old child and provide an updated review of the literature, focusing mainly on the clinicopathological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of RMS of the head and neck.

Orofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of a case and review of the literature

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are among the most common soft-tissue tumors in children. These tumors are derivedfrom mesenchymal tissue with a tendency toward myogenic differentiation that probably originates from immatureand highly invasive satellite cells associated with the embryogenesis of skeletal muscle. Some of these tumors areassociated with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. The diagnosis is made by microscopic analysis and auxiliarytechniques such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetic analysis, and molecular biology. Wereport here a case of orofacial RMS in a 4-year-old child and provide an updated review of the literature, focusingmainly on the clinicopathological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of RMS of the head and neck (AU)