[Digital roentgenographic systems based on photostimulated screens and their comparison with roentgenographic screen-film sets].

Parameters of images obtained using roentgenographic systems based on stimulated luminophores (computer roentgenography) were experimentally compared. It was shown that roentgenography based on the use of stimulated luminophores had several advantages over conventional film roentgenography.

[The choice of the physical-technical conditions for the mammography examination]. / Vybor fiziko-tekhnicheskikh uslovii mammograficheskogo issledovaniia.

Recommendations on an optimal choice of mammography settings and on evaluating a dose load received by patient are presented and substantiated in the paper.

[Recommendations for the X-ray film usage in our country practice]. / Rekomendatsii po ispol'zovaniiu rentgenograficheskoi plenki v otechestvennoi praktike.

The paper summarizes the concepts on the key technical parameters of X-ray films most widely used in Russia. Recommendations are provided for the manual processing of foreign-made films by homemade reagents.

[Green-sensitive X-ray systems and specific features of working with them]. / Zelenochuvstvitel'nye rentgenograficheskie sistemy i osobennosti raboty s nimi.

Green-sensitive intensifying screens and the similar X-ray films permit a drastic reduction in a dosage load on a patient and an increase in the sharpness of an image. Therefore there is a quest for introducing the above systems in Russian practice. The paper presents the relative characteristics of the systems ([symbol: see text]3) developed in the country and recommendations on their practical use: to increase anode voltage and to decrease exposure.

[Quality control of X-ray screen-film sets in light of introduction of an international system of standards]. / Kontrol' kachestva rentgenograficheskikh komplektov ékran-plenka v svete vnedreniia sistemy mezhdunarodnykh standartov.

The up-to-date international standard ISO 9236-1 for control of X-ray screen-film sets is somewhat different from the Russian GOST 27048-86. The author's experimental findings have shown that the sensitivity of the sets, measured by the Russian procedure, is about 60 times higher than the international one and the mean gradient is 10-15% greater. It is best to apply the international standard to ensure the unity of measurements.

[Film fluorography in current practice]. / Plenochnaia fliuorografiia v sovremennoi praktike.

The stock of fluorographs is rather amplitidinous (N = 5000) in our country, which makes it full replacement expensive and longstanding. Therefore, it is expedient to update equipment gradually by taking into account a stepwise reduction in patients' irradiation. Five types of modernization of film fluorographs, including replacement of screens, fluorographic cameras, X-ray feeders, film sensitivity were investigated.

[Methods of assessing the parameter detail-contrast of X-ray converting receivers]. / Metody otsenki parametra detal'-kontrast priemnikov-preobrazovatelei rentgenovskogo izlucheniia.

The paper analyzes methods for assessing the quality of an image in X-ray complexes (emphasis being laid on digital systems) by using the test object detail-contrast. Two possible variants of design of the test object are presented. Data of experimental assessment and comparison of the parameter detail-contrast for number of X-radiation converting receivers are given.

[Developing machines in Russian X-ray practice]. / Proiabochnye mashiny v otechestvennoi rentgenograficheskoi praktike.

The paper gives technical data on different types of developing machines used in the country. Their basic specific features are described. Requirements for the developing machines are defined. The most common defects and their prevention are listed.

[An experimental study of the film parameters for general roentgenography]. / Eksperimental'noe issledovanie parametrov plenok dlia obshchei rentgenografii.

The paper deals with methods for determining the technical data of a film for general X-ray study, presents basic sensitometric parameters of the films used in Russia, defines their parameters when used in as part of a kit also containing the intensifying screens made in the country, and provides recommendations on their use.

[Current possibilities of routine fluorography]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti traditsionnoi fliuorografii.

New Russian 12 phi 9 fluorographic apparatuses with a K phi -400 fluorographic camera are shown to have some advantages over a 12 phi 7 fluorograph. The fluorographs ensure a much better image quality in a smaller input operating dose. The use of the new generation fluorographs provides for a patient a radiation load approximate that of direct film X-ray study.

[New types of multi-size cameras]. / Novye tipy mul'tiformatnykh kamer.

The paper provides a technical evaluation of the thermographic multi-sized chambers and recorders used in them, which have appeared on the market. It compares the control images obtained by employing thermographic and conventional multi-sized chambers.

[X-ray image detectors in stomatology]. / Rentgenograficheskie priemniki izobrazheniia v stomatologii.

The paper analyzes the technical level of the intraoral tooth films made in Russia and foreign countries, the potentialities of use of screen-amplifying film sets for periapical survey.

[Vacuum cassette for radiography and its possibilities]. / Vakuumnaia kasseta dlia rentgenografii i eë vozmozhnosti.

A new x-ray vacuum universal cassette is described. The basic technologic parameters of image quality obtained with this cassette are described as is the cassette design. The informative value of images obtained with vacuum and common mechanical cassettes is compared. Technologic parameters of the quality of all types of Russian commercial amplifying screens are presented and the types of screens distinguished preferable for use with vacuum cassettes.

[X-ray intensifying screens]. / Usilivaiushchie rentgenovskie ékrany.

The paper provides the technical parameters and data of intensifying X-ray screens made in Russia. They cover both energy properties (sensitivity, spectral characteristics) and the quality of an image (frequency-contrast characteristics, granulation). It is shown in what cases this or that class of screens is preferable to be used.

Luminescent screens for general X-ray diagnostics.

This article gives the main parameters of amplifying screens manufactured in the USSR: the sensitivity, the resolution, the modulation depth, the noise. The technical level of Soviet screens is compared with the level of those manufactured by certain foreign companies. The measures taken to increase the technical level of today's products and the further evolution directions are discussed. Data are given on screen production in the USSR during the last 5 years and their supposed production up to 2000.

[Specialized equipment for stereophlebography]. / Spetsial'naia apparatura dlia stereoflebografii.

The authors describe a complex of equipment for radiodiagnosis of varicose veins of the lower limbs and for planning vascular operations. The complex is fitted out with an automatic stereocasette made in the form of an attachment to a standard radiodiagnostic system and a stereoscope for visual analysis of the stereophlebograms. The design and applications of the equipment are reviewed.

[The ASORI stereoroentgenogrammetric system]. / Stereorentgenogrammetricheskii kompleks ASORI.

The ASORI stereoroentgenometric complex includes a stereoroentgenographic unit, a kit of testometric devices and a measuring stereoscope. The above unit is designed on the basis of the PYM-20 roentgenodiagnostic apparatus and provides for automatic photography. The testometric devices have inclined contrast scales and are photographed. The stereo pairs are analysed on the measuring stereoscope. The structural elements of the investigated object are measured by the unit optical marker in relation to the testometric device image. The testometric method provides for operative and accurate measuring the anatomic structures in health and disease.