RESUMO
Four cases of intestinal volvulus in German shepherd dogs are described. A definitive diagnosis was achieved by exploratory laparotomy in three cases and after necropsy in the remaining animal. Clinical signs, laboratory investigations and radiological changes are reported for three of the dogs. These dogs were all euthanased. Treatment of complete intestinal volvulus is difficult. By the time the condition is diagnosed, the pathological changes are irreversible, with consequent poor prognosis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/veterinária , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Prognóstico , RadiografiaRESUMO
Fetal neosporosis-associated myeloencephalitis was diagnosed in a 4-month-old Napolitan mastiff dog from Spain. Neospora caninum tachyzoites and tissue cysts were observed in lesions in the central nervous system and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-N. caninum monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Encefalomielite/veterinária , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/patologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Encefalomielite/parasitologia , Encefalomielite/patologia , Imunofluorescência , Masculino , Neospora/imunologia , Espanha , Medula Espinal/parasitologia , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
One of the assumptions made in calculating the horizontal visibility of black targets is that every volume element of the atmosphere or medium is illuminated by the same amount of light. This assumption has always been interpreted as a homogeneous illumination, without considering the importance of the reflectance properties of the ground extending between observer and horizon along the path of sight. This paper is a theoretical and experimental study of the effect of ground, with varying reflectance properties, on the horizontal visibility. The laboratory simulation shows that, if that part of the ground extending between observer and target has a higher reflectance than the one extending between target and horizon, the visibility may decrease by up to 15%. In the opposite case, the visibility increases.
