RESUMO
This paper describes an energy efficient continuous process for the production of biodiesel using canola oil as feedstock. A narrow channel reactor was used, employing both slug and stratified flow behaviors, which are associated with flow through channels of small hydraulic diameter. In this intensified system, high conversions were achieved and good separation efficiencies were observed. Experiments were carried out using canola oil and methanol as reactants with sodium hydroxide as the catalyst to study the influence of catalyst loading, residence time and temperature on the reaction rate. Using a catalyst loading of 1% and a reaction temperature of 60 degrees C and pressure of 80 psig greater than 98% conversion was achieved in a residence time of 3 min.
Assuntos
Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Engenharia/métodos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/química , Gasolina , Hidróxido de Sódio/química , Catálise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Óleo de Brassica napusRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge of vacant country specialist positions, the main barriers to filling country specialist positions, the acceptance of hypothetical creative employment models and to gain understanding of what would it take for respondents to accept a country position. METHODOLOGY: Mailed self-report questionnaires to all 103 Queensland paediatricians and finishing paediatric trainees (response rate 93.1%) to explore reasons for the long-term vacancy of the Staff Paediatrician position at the Mount Isa Base Hospital, North-west Queensland, Australia. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 87.4% were aware of the vacant position. The lack of adequate locum cover for leave (97.8%), on-call load (92.2%), professional isolation (91.4%), and family commitments (91.4%) were identified as the four most frequently recognized recruitment barriers. Of the respondents, 30.2% said they could be attracted to such a position if they were guaranteed the ability to return to their present post in 2 years, 30.7% said they could be attracted to a rural exchange, and 73.1% suggested the position would be more attractive to new Fellows if at the end of a 2-year period they were guaranteed some Visiting Medical Officer sessions or a temporary Staff Paediatrician position at a tertiary centre. Significantly, fewer of the 30-39-years age group said available job opportunities for their spouse made it impossible for them to consider the advertised position, compared to older age groups (P = 0.003). In response to the question 'What would it take for you to consider such a position?', 22.6% answered a change in employment package, 22.6% a change in family commitments, 16.6% too subspecialized, and 7.1% could possibly consider a locum or exchange in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Specialist positions, such as the advertised position, are well known, but remain unfilled because they are considered unsustainable. However, the response to hypothetical creative employment models suggests this could be changed, provided specialist training (e.g. paediatric training) is kept general and the younger consultant is given consideration.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Escolha da Profissão , Pediatria , Área de Atuação Profissional , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Criança , Emprego , Humanos , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , Modelos Organizacionais , Seleção de Pessoal/métodos , Queensland , Serviços de Saúde Rural/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
In February 1998 200 mental health nurses attended the RCN third European Mental Health Nursing Conference in Belfast. This paper reports on a delegate questionnaire concerning issues of resourcing, personal safety, skill mix and commissioning. The findings indicate that mental health nurses remain under threat from physical assault. However, the link between human resourcing, skill mix and threatening behaviour appears not to be one which practising nurses associate with their work area. Not surprisingly, there was a definite perception that purchasers of current services have no real understanding of the needs of service users or providers.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/organização & administração , Europa (Continente) , Previsões , Humanos , Inovação Organizacional , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/educação , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A case study approach is used to illustrate how three survivors of severe traumatic brain injury were able to gain and maintain employment with the assistance of a supported employment programme. Emphasis on the different types of accommodations, including the design and implementation of compensatory strategies, is provided for each case. Finally, on overview of steps that can be taken to enhance the use of such strategies on the job is presented.
Assuntos
Dano Encefálico Crônico/reabilitação , Lesões Encefálicas/reabilitação , Readaptação ao Emprego , Reabilitação Vocacional , Adulto , Dano Encefálico Crônico/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de SaúdeAssuntos
Pica/diagnóstico , Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Pica/complicaçõesRESUMO
Diaphragmatic pacing is a method of long-term artificial ventilation that is preferable to other forms of ventilation in suitable patients. Its use is described in a 14 year old quadriplegic boy who was previously hospital dependent and required continuous positive pressure ventilation.
Assuntos
Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Adolescente , Diafragma , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Frênico , Quadriplegia/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Desidratação/induzido quimicamente , Solução Hipertônica de Glucose/efeitos adversos , Hipernatremia/induzido quimicamente , Diarreia/terapia , Feminino , Solução Hipertônica de Glucose/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Soluções Isotônicas/efeitos adversos , Soluções Isotônicas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Thirty-four New Zealand white rabbits were treated with doxorubicin and imaged weekly with Tc-99m pyrophosphate to define the value of abnormal myocardial images in predicting doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity. Increased myocardial uptake was detected in most animals on sustained treatment with doxorubicin. A greater proportion of the heart was involved with doxorubicin-related histologic changes in animals with strongly positive myocardial images than in treated animals with moderately positive or normal scans. The myocardial images returned to normal levels 2--6 wk after doxorubicin was discontinued. Five of seven rabbits that received doxorubicin after they had three moderately positive myocardial scans, died from congestive heart failure. Three rabbits whose doxorubicin was discontinued because of scan findings, survived for 6 wk or more before dying from renal failure. The three rabbits who received the highest total dose of doxorubicin died of renal failure without developing abnormal myocardial scans.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/intoxicação , Doxorrubicina/intoxicação , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Difosfatos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Prognóstico , Coelhos , Cintilografia , TecnécioRESUMO
Female adult New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized using a combination of xylazine and ketamine administered intramuscularly. Bone marrow was aspirated aseptically from the humerus of femur using an 18-gauge Rosenthal pediatric needle. Marrow was obtained from six animals per hour using this technique. Recovery was rapid and no infection or loss of limb function was observed over the course of more than 100 aspirations. Approximately 2 x 10(8) mononuclear cells were obtained from 0.5 ml of aspirated marrow. Marrow samples were fractioned using isopynic single step density gradients. A 10-fold enrichment of blast cells was achieved using a density of 1.077 g/ml.