Malaria and severe anemia over eight years at Gambo Rural Hospital, southern Ethiopia.

Evolution of incident malaria and frequency of anemia were analyzed over eight years in a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia. Capillary blood samples were tested for hemoglobin concentration, and in some instances for malaria parasites, at Gambo Rural General Hospital between January 2007 and September 2014, and the results recorded. Main demographic data were also recorded in subjects with Plasmodium sp. infections. Of a total of 54,493 blood samples taken from 45,096 different patients, 21,723 (39.9%) samples from 19,173 (42.5%) patients were tested for malaria parasites. Malaria was diagnosed in 825 (3.79%, 95% CI 3.55%, 4.06%) instances (58.3% P. vivax and 41.7% P. falciparum; one episode in 575 patients and two episodes in 125 patients). A sustained decrease in yearly incidence of malaria was observed between 2011 (6.1%) and 2014 (2.4%) (p < 0.01). Of all the malaria patients, those with hemoglobin levels less than 8 g/dL, were younger compared to those with levels of 8 g/dL or more (median age of 5 years vs. 18 years; p < 0.01) and more commonly infected with P. falciparum (57.1% vs. 34.8%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, severe anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) in the context of anemia was associated with P falciparum infection (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68, 3.65) and younger age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.07).

Study of the prevalence of Plasmodium infections by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among patients with severe anaemia treated at a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia / Prevalencia de infección por Plasmodium mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en pacientes con anemia grave atendidos en un hospital rural de sudeste de Etiopía

This study was conducted to determine the current burden of Plasmodium infections among patients with severe anaemia attending a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia. A total of 111 patients with severe anaemia (hemoglobin < 7 mg/dL) were included. The Plasmodium species causing the infection were identified using a Semi-nested Multiplex PCR. The mean age of the study population was 15 years and 26 (23.4%) individuals tested positive for malaria. Of these, 18 (16.2%) were infected by P. falciparum, 4 (3.6%) by P. vivax, and 4 by P. ovale. No significant associations between the species of Plasmodium and the sex of the patient or the haemoglobin values were found. This study showed that Plasmodium infections cause severe anaemia in one in four cases.

El estudio se ha llevado a cabo para conocer el impacto de la infección por especies de spp Plasmodium entre los pacientes con anemia grave atendidos en un hospital rural del sudeste de Etiopía. Se incluyeron en el estudio 111 pacientes con anemia grave (hemoglobina < 7 mg/dL). La infección por Plasmodium spp. se llevó a cabo mediante una PCR Semi-nested Multiplex. La media de edad de la población de estudio fue de 15 años; 26 pacientes presentaban infección por Plasmodium spp. (23.4%): 18 (16.2%) fueron para P. falciparum, 4 (3.6%) para P. vivax, and 4 (3.6%) para P. ovale. No encontramos asociación entre el tipo de Plasmodium con el sexo y el los valores de hemoglobina. Este estudio reveló la importancia que la infección por Plasmodium es responsable de la anemia grave en uno de cada cuatro pacientes evaluados.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA AMONG CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN 5 YEARS IN RURAL SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA.

The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus infection among children aged less than 5 years in rural southern Ethiopia. We conducted a hospital-based, prospective study among children aged less than 5 years with acute diarrhea and moderate to severe dehydration attending the outpatient department of Gambo Rural Hospital, Ethiopia during September-November 2012. Three hundred fourteen children were included in the study, of whom 137 (43.6%) had rotavirus infection. The average age of children with rotavirus infection was lower than those without it [odds ratio (OR): 0.94]. Finding severe dehydration on skin pinch test (adjusted OR: 3.76) and having diarrhea for !3 days (adjusted OR: 2.50) were associated with rotavirus infection. The mortality rate was 4.4% among rotavirus infection children and 0% among non-rotavirus diarrhea cases (p=0.006). Rotavirus infection should be suspected in children with severe dehydration on a skin pinch test and among those presenting with diarrhea for 3 days in rural southern Ethiopia.

Different profile of intestinal protozoa and helminthic infections among patients with diarrhoea according to age attending a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of intestinal parasitic diseases with age and gender in patients with diarrhea attending a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia in the period 2007-2012. A total of 32,191 stool examination was performed in patients who presented with diarrhea. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in the present study was 26.5%. Predominant parasites detected were Giardia lamblia (15.0%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (5.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.0%). The median of age of diarrheal patients with Hymenolepis species, Schistosoma mansoni and G. lamblia was significantly lower (5 y., 10.5 y., and 18 y., respectively; p<0.001). The median age of diarrheal patients with Taenia species, S. stercoralis, and E. histolytica/dispar was significantly higher (24 y., 24 y., and 20 y., respectively; p<0.01). In conclusion, Giardia lamblia was the most prevalent intestinal parasite and the profile of intestinal parasitic infections is influenced by age.