RESUMO
Os analgésicos sistêmicos são considerados efetivos no tratamento de dor aguda e crônica. No entanto, a depender do estado do paciente, é necessário utilizar analgésicos que exercem efeito de modulação da dor no sistema nervoso central. A medula espinhal é um dos locais de escolha para realizar um controle da dor efetivo. Porém, o uso de analgésicos nesta via pode estar relacionado com a ocorrência de neurotoxicidade. Dentre os analgésicos utilizados para avaliação de neurotoxicidade, os opioides, os anestésicos locais, a cetamina e os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES) são normalmente relatados. Alguns mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no processo de neurotoxicidade já foram relatados pela utilização destes fármacos. Apoptose, lesões oxidativas e alterações na neurogênese já foram descritas, porém os resultados ainda são controversos. Portanto, novas linhas de pesquisa devem ser conduzidas com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito neurotóxico de fármacos amplamente utilizados para o tratamento da dor.
Systemic analgesics are considered effective in treating acute and chronic pain. However, depending on the patient's condition, it is necessary to use analgesics that modulate pain in the central nervous system. The spinal cord is one of the places of choice to perform effective pain control. However, the use of analgesics along this path may be related to the occurrence of neurotoxicity. Among the drugs used to evaluate neurotoxicity, opioids, local anesthetics, ketamine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly reported. Some molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity process have been reported with the use of these drugs. Apoptosis, oxidative lesions and neurogenesis changes have been described, although the results are still controversial. Therefore, new lines of research are necessaryin order to evaluate the neurotoxic effect of drugs widely used in pain treatment.
Assuntos
Dor Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos , Apoptose , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes Neurotóxicas , Medula EspinalRESUMO
The effects of orally administered biotin supplementation on the growth of claw horn in young, clinically healthy cattle were analyzed. Twelve, 1-year-old Girolando cattle were randomly assigned to receive either 12.5 mg of diluted powdered biotin (GI) or a control treatment (GII) for 40 consecutive days. Cattle in the GI group showed an average hoof growth of 11.3 +/- 0.72 mm, while those in GII had an average hoof growth of 7.2 +/- 0.78 mm. The results confirmed the positive effect of biotin supplementation on the growth of angle and length of the dorsal hoof wall, hoof sole length, and on resistance to wearing, in young cattle extensively managed.
