SARS-CoV-2 new infections among health-care workers after the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. A hospital-wide cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination on the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in health-care workers (HCW). METHODS: The evolution of the incident rate of microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of 2590 HCW after BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared with the rate in the community (n = 170 513) was evaluated by mixed Poisson regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1820 HCW (70.3% of total) received the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine between 10 January and 16 January 2021, and 296 (11.4%) received it the following week. All of them completed vaccination 3 weeks later. Incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection after the first dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine declined by 71% (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 0.286, 95% CI 0.174-0.468; p < 0.001) and by 97% (IRR 0.03, 95% CI 0.013-0.068; p < 0.001) after the second dose, compared with the perivaccine time. SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in the community (with a negligible vaccination rate) had a much lower decline: 2% (IRR 0.984, 95% CI 0.943-1.028; p 0.47) and 61% (IRR 0.390, 95% CI 0.375-0.406; p < 0.001) for equivalent periods. Adjusting for the decline in the community, the reduction in the incident rates among HCW were 73% (IRR 0.272, 95% CI 0.164-0.451 p < 0.001) after the first dose of the vaccine and 92% (IRR 0.176, 95% CI 0.033-0.174; p < 0.001) after the second dose. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with a dramatic decline in new SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW, even before the administration of the second dose of the vaccine.

[Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: present situation and evolution of antimicrobial resistance (1986-2006)]. / Staphylococcus spp. en España: situación actual y evolución de la resistencia a antimicrobianos (1986-2006).

INTRODUCTION: Since 1986 we have carried out five nationwide point-prevalence studies in Spain analyzing Staphylococcus spp. The 2006 data, corresponding to the sixth study, are presented herein. METHODS: A total of 145 hospitals from all geographic areas of the country participated in the study. We investigated 866 staphylococcal isolates (463 S. aureus). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 16 antimicrobials by an automated microdilution method. Susceptibility to tigecycline was determined by the E-test method. RESULTS: Resistance of S. aureus to oxacillin seemed to have stabilized (31.2% in 2002 vs. 29.2% in 2006), and the same was true for resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. In 2006, isolates were more susceptible to gentamicin (16.9% resistance in 2002 vs. 8.6% in 2006, P < 0.001). None of the isolates presented decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, and the resistance to cotrimoxazole (0.9%) and rifampin (0.6%) was minimal. One isolate showed linezolid resistance. Resistance of coagulase negative staphylococci to oxacillin (61.3% in 2002 vs. 66.7% in 2006) and erythromycin (63.0% in 2002 vs. 66.5% in 2006) remained stable, although resistance to gentamicin (27.8% in 2002 vs. 44.2% in 2006, P < 0.001), ciprofloxacin (44.9% in 2002 vs. 54.3% in 2006, P = 0.010) and clindamycin (33.8% in 2002 vs. 46.2% in 2006, P = 0.001) has increased. Two isolates presented decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin and one was linezolid-resistant. All Staphylococcus spp. were uniformly susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin and tigecycline. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. to oxacillin remains high in Spain, but seems to have stabilized in the last years. Linezolid resistance is emerging.

Staphylococcus spp. en España: situación actual y evolución de la resistencia a antimicrobianos / Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: present situation and evolution of antimicrobial resistance (1986-2006)

Desde 1986 se han realizado cinco estudios de prevalencia de Staphylococcus spp. en España. En este trabajo se presentan los datos de 2006 correspondientes al sexto estudio. MÉTODOS. Participaron 145 hospitales de todas las áreas geográficas y se estudiaron 866 cepas de estafilococos(463 S. aureus). Se determinó la sensibilidad a16 antimicrobianos mediante un sistema automatizado de microdilución en caldo. La sensibilidad a tigeciclinase determinó mediante el método de E-test. RESULTADOS. La resistencia de S. aureus a oxacilina se ha estabilizado (el 31,2% en 2002 frente al 29,2% en 2006),así como la resistencia a eritromicina, clindamicina y ciprofloxacino. En 2006 los aislados fueron más sensibles a gentamicina (el 16,9% en 2002 frente al 8,6% en 2006;p < 0,001), ninguno presentó sensibilidad disminuida avancomicina y la resistencia a cotrimoxazol (0,9%) y arifampicina (0,6%) fue anecdótica. Un aislado fue resistente a linezolid. La resistencia de los estafilococos coagulosa negativos a oxacilina (el 61,3% en 2002 frente al 66,7%en 2006) y a eritromicina (el 63,0% en 2002 frente al66,5% en 2006) se ha mantenido relativamente estable, aunque ha aumentado la resistencia a gentamicina(el 27,8% en 2002 frente al 44,2% en 2006; p < 0,001),ciprofloxacino (el 44,9% en 2002 frente al 54,3% en 2006;p 0,010) y clindamicina (el 33,8% en 2002 frente al 46,2% en 2006; p 0,001). Dos aislados presentaron sensibilidad disminuida a teicoplanina y uno fue resistente a linezolid. Todos los Staphylococcus spp. fueron uniformemente sensibles a quinupristina-dalfopristina y a tigeciclina. CONCLUSIONES. En España la resistencia de Staphylococcusspp. a oxacilina sigue siendo elevada, aunque parece haberse estabilizado. Asimismo, comienzan a aparecer aislados resistentes a linezolid (AU)

Since 1986 we have carried out five nationwide point-prevalence studies in Spain analysing Staphylococcus spp. The 2006 data, corresponding to the sixth study, are presented herein. METHODS. A total of 145 hospitals from all geographic areas of the country participated in the study. We investigated 866 staphylococcal isolates (463 S. aureus). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 16 antimicrobials by an automated microdilution method. Susceptibility to tigecycline was determined by the E-test method. RESULTS. Resistance of S. aureus to oxacillin seemed to have stabilized (31.2% in 2002 vs. 29.2% in 2006), and the same was true for resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. In 2006, isolates were more susceptible to gentamicin (16.9% resistance in 2002 vs. 8.6% in 2006, P < 0.001). None of the isolates presented decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, and the resistance to cotrimoxazole (0.9%) and rifampin (0.6%) was minimal. One isolate showed linezolid resistance. Resistance of coagulase negative staphylococci to oxacillin (61.3% in2002 vs. 66.7% in 2006) and erythromycin (63.0% in 2002vs. 66.5% in 2006) remained stable, although resistance to gentamicin (27.8% in 2002 vs. 44.2% in 2006, P < 0.001), ciprofloxacin (44.9% in 2002 vs. 54.3% in 2006, P 0.010) and clindamycin (33.8% in 2002 vs. 46.2% in 2006, P 0.001) has increased. Two isolates presented decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin and one was linezolid-resistant. All Staphylococcus spp. were uniformly susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin and tigecycline. CONCLUSIONS. Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. to oxacillin remains high in Spain, but seems to have stabilized in the last years. Linezolid resistance is emerging (AU)