[Motivational sensitivity of pregnant women for oral hygiene and use of fluoride tablets]. / Motivierbarkeit von Schwangeren zur Mundhygiene und Tablettenfluoridierung.

200 pregnant women (group 1) attending a four-week cure in a home, 50 pregnant dental office patients (group 2), and 50 non-pregnant patients of the same age were included in this study. The preventive care program (information on oral hygiene, fluoridation and healthy nutrition, instructions and training) showed its greatest effect in the women of group 1, reflected in a reduction in OHI and GPM index and in an improved health awareness. All of the probands of group 1 who had planned during pregnancy to use fluoride tablets for their babies, put this plan into effect. In group 2 this percentage was only 46%. Pregnancy is a phase of increased motivational sensitivity and this should be exploited by doctors and dentists in terms of preventive programs for individuals and groups.

[The epidemiology of wedge shaped defects]. / Zur epidemiologie keilförmiger Defekte.

23% of a nonselected group of patients showed wedge shaped defects (9-10 of them per person). The number of teeth with these cervical erosions increases with age. Small accumulation of plaque was found. 65% of the patients with wedge shaped defects had parafunctions and 70% had a chronic pain. A complex of causes underlies the wedge shaped defects. A causal relation appears to exist between wedge shaped defects, occlusal disharmony, parafunctions and strong psychological tension of patients.

[Application of mini-TEA-CO2-laser in dentistry. Effect of pulsed low-energy infrared laser beam on dentin]. / Anwendung eines Mini-TEA-CO2-Lasers in der Zahnheilkunde. Die Wirkung gepulster, niedrigenergetischer Infrarot-Laserstrahlung auf das Dentin.

The effects of a very short pulsed infrared mini-TEA-CO2-laserbeam at the wavelength of 10.6 microns on dentine were studied. The results of the light- and scanning electron microscopic investigation indicated the possibility of a precise removal of hard tooth structure without causing thermal damage of the tissue. Removing material by photoablation leads to a retentive surface on dentine and to a partially closure of the dentinetubuli at the bottom of the treated cavity. Undesirable thermal effects like surface-cracking and carbonisation were not observed.

[Acid erosions of tooth surface. 1. Influence of saliva, medicaments, fruit acids and mechanical stress]. / Säureerosion der Zahnhartsubstanzen. 1. Mitteilung: Einfluss von Speichel, Medikamenten, Nahrungssäuren und mechanischen Belastungen.

The clinical aspects, etiology, pathogenesis and classification of dental erosions are reviewed. Individual susceptibility or resistance to erosive damage has been attributed to variations in the quality and quantity of saliva. A lot of medicaments reduce the salivary secretion. Under the influence of acids, in particular of fruit acids, the peripheral tooth surface are demineralized in the absence of dental plaque. The citrus juices showed potentially the worst dental properties. Abrasive brushing techniques and functional influences wear down the already damaged layer of tooth surfaces.

[Acid erosions of tooth surface. 3. Prevention and therapy]. / Süreerosion der Zahnhartsubstanzen. 3. Mitteilung: Prävention und Therapie.

Tooth surface loss by erosion presents a challenge to the general practioner in terms of identification of patients at risk, diagnostic investigation and early therapy. The guidelines contain advice for changing the food habits and behaviour in oral hygiene. Patients, who prefer erosive products (fruits, juice, cola) or who vomit should use a bicarbonate mouthrinse to neutralize the acid. The spectrum of therapy reachs of simple fillings with glassionomer cements and composites to comprehensive crown therapy. Several particularities in the psychological care of patients with eating disorders are described.

[Acid erosions of tooth surface. 2. Oral complications in patients with psychogenic eating disorders]. / Säureerosion der Zahnhartsubstanzen. 2. Mitteilung: Orale Komplikationen bei Patienten mit psychogenen Essstörungen.

The increasing morbidity of the psychosomatical eating disorders demands more attention by the general practioners. The origin of the anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and the clinical picture are described. The consequences of the acid erosion at the teeth are shown with illustrations. The cooperation between the psychotherapist and the dentist has a positive influence on the long therapy of the patients.

[Wedge-shaped defects of animal teeth]. / Keilförmige Defekte an Tierzähnen.

Wedge-shaped defects of teeth of animals are described. Only herbivorous and omnivorous animals showed them. It is suggested that in addition to a mechanical abrasion there are chemical influences on the organic component of the dentin.

[Compliance in medicine and dentistry]. / Compliance in der Medizin und Stomatologie.

Since 1953 systematic compliance-research received an enormous impetus. There is a change in its content too: Compliance depends equally on the attitudes of the doctor or dentist as of the patient. Methods to measure compliance, consequences of poor compliance, and non-compliance are investigated. In stomatology Compliance is important in order to secure progress and results of the therapy, but especially so as to motivate the patient's preventive behaviour. This is demonstrated and also given as a reason for the demand of the patient's expectations on the part of the dentist.

[References for assessment of dental status in childhood and adolescence]. / Hinweise zur Beurteilung des Gebisszustandes im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

Close cooperation between paediatricians and dentists is of growing importance for the early diagnosis of malformations and exogenous pathological changes in the oral region and for the furtherance of preventive measures. There are good possibilities especially for preventing caries and periodontal disorders by means of plaque control, nutritional guidance and fluoridation in the context of preventive medical examinations.

[Patient-adequate conservation as measure for improvement of compliance]. / Die patientengerechte Gesprächsführung als Massnahme zur Verbesserung der Compliance.

The understanding of the medical recommendations to the patient is a supposition for compliance. In spite of the specific impressions of every dialoge established by the individuality of physician and patient there are general rules the dentist has to respect. The consideration of these rules may lead to a decrease of the noncompliance respectively to an improvement of the compliance of the patients. The most important rules of dialoge are introduced and explained.

[Fluoride in the prevention of dental caries]. / Fluoride in der Kariesprophylaxe.

This review consolidates the major ideas that lead to the current concept of the initiation of the carious process. The most effective way of cariesprevention is water fluoridation; tablet fluoridation represents an alternative. Their effects is dependent on the dose and the regular use in infancy. The co-operation between dentists, paediatrists, parents and children is indispensable for tablet fluoridation. The combination of intern with extern fluoridation results in additive effect. The review describes the mechanism of action for fluoride in dental enamel and in dental plaque. Intoxicationes due to ingestion of fluorides tablets, such as used in caries prophylaxis, are pratically impossible.

[Caries morbidity in infants and preschool children with reference to social factors of influence]. / Kariesmorbidität von Klein- und Vorschulkindern unter Berücksichtigung sozialer Einflussgrössen.

The caries frequency of 653 children between 2-4 years of age was followed up over 2 years. Only very few of two year old children showed a relative high incidence of caries. Among the 4 year old children the incidence of caries was particularly high. Caries is more prevalent among children who stay at home than among those attending créches. The difference is due to the absence or irregular use of fluoride tablets, to inadequate cleaning of teeth and a high consumption of sweets in the families. Pre-school children without siblings, and those whose parents are working in shifts, should more often undergo stomatological supervision because of their greater risk suspectibility to caries.

[Scanning electron microscopy study of wedge-shaped defects in extracted teeth and in in-vivo conditions]. / Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Oberfläche keilförmiger Defekte an extrahierten Zähnen und unter in-vivo-Bedingungen.

The surface of wedge shaped defects of 51 extracted teeth was examined with the scanning electron microscope. To study morphology of surfaces of 12 defects in vivo a replication technique was carried out. It was shown that there is a relation between the morphological features and the clinical symptoms. In the progression of the defects there are active and passive phases, what will be reflected on the one side in the clinical symptoms and on the other side in the morphological features.