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1.
Blood Adv ; 6(17): 5009-5023, 2022 09 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35675515

RESUMO

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable and aggressive plasma cell malignancy characterized by a complex karyotype with multiple structural variants (SVs) and copy-number variations (CNVs). Linked-read whole-genome sequencing (lrWGS) allows for refined detection and reconstruction of SVs by providing long-range genetic information from standard short-read sequencing. This makes lrWGS an attractive solution for capturing the full genomic complexity of MM. Here we show that high-quality lrWGS data can be generated from low numbers of cells subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) without DNA purification. Using this protocol, we analyzed MM cells after FACS from 37 patients with MM using lrWGS. We found high concordance between lrWGS and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of recurrent translocations and CNVs. Outside of the regions investigated by FISH, we identified >150 additional SVs and CNVs across the cohort. Analysis of the lrWGS data allowed for resolution of the structure of diverse SVs affecting the MYC and t(11;14) loci, causing the duplication of genes and gene regulatory elements. In addition, we identified private SVs causing the dysregulation of genes recurrently involved in translocations with the IGH locus and show that these can alter the molecular classification of MM. Overall, we conclude that lrWGS allows for the detection of aberrations critical for MM prognostics and provides a feasible route for providing comprehensive genetics. Implementing lrWGS could provide more accurate clinical prognostics, facilitate genomic medicine initiatives, and greatly improve the stratification of patients included in clinical trials.


Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , Genômica , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Translocação Genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
2.
Cell Rep Med ; 3(2): 100508, 2022 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35243416

RESUMO

Few approaches have been made toward exploring autologous NK cells in settings of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of infusing multiple doses of ex vivo activated and expanded autologous NK cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) post-autologous stem cell transplantation. Infused NK cells were detected in circulation up to 4 weeks after the last infusion. Elevations in plasma granzyme B levels were observed following each consecutive NK cell infusion. Moreover, increased granzyme B levels were detected in bone marrow 4 weeks after the last infusion. All measurable patients had objective, detectable responses after NK cell infusions in terms of reduction in M-component and/or minimal residual disease. The present study demonstrates that autologous NK cell-based immunotherapy is feasible in a setting of MM consolidation therapy. It opens up the possibility for usage of autologous NK cells in clinical settings where patients are not readily eligible for allogeneic NK cell-based immunotherapies.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mieloma Múltiplo , Quimioterapia de Consolidação , Granzimas , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transplante Autólogo
3.
Leuk Lymphoma ; 62(9): 2227-2234, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33797301

RESUMO

Serum and urine protein electrophoresis (sPEP/uPEP) are the standard methods for monitoring of multiple myeloma (MM). However, a method of detection with shorter half-life, such as serum-free light chain (FLC), could detect the response or progression earlier. In total, 450 MM patients were assessed in first, second, and third line. Response and progression were classified according to International myeloma working group guidelines. The overall median time to partial response or better was detectable significantly earlier with involved free light chain (iFLC) 1.94 months (IQR: 1.61-2.23) compared to sPEP 5.39 months (IQR: 3.88-7.00). In first line, iFLC detected progression earlier compared to sPEP, particularly in patients with progression more than 18 months after best response. In conclusion, a response observed by iFLC occurs at least a median of 3 months before response is detected by sPEP/uPEP.


Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo , Humanos , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico
4.
Am J Hematol ; 96(8): 925-933, 2021 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33901326

RESUMO

Approximately 20% of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients harbor t(11;14), a marker of inferior prognosis, resulting in up-regulation of CCND1. These patients respond to BCL2 inhibitor experimental drug venetoclax. Furthermore, t(11;14) is reported to be associated with increased BCL2/MCL1 ratio. We investigated the use of venetoclax (400 mg daily) in a cohort of 25 multiple myeloma (MM) and AL-amyloidosis patients harboring t(11;14) and assessed safety and efficacy. Efficacy was assessed by response rate (RR) and time on treatment. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC), for BCL2 family member expression was assessed at diagnosis and relapse in the venetoclax-treated group and analyzed for correlation with clinical RR. Additionally, patient material from venetoclax non-treated group including non-t(11;14) diagnosis (n = 27), t(11;14) diagnosis (n = 17), t(11;14) relapse (n = 7), hyperdiploidy (n = 6) and hyperdiploidy + t(11;14) (n = 6) was used for RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and validation by qPCR. Venetoclax treatment in t(11;14) patients demonstrated manageable safety and promising efficacy. Partial responses or better were observed in eleven patients (44%). Responding patients had significantly higher BCL2/MCL1 (p = 0.031) as well as BCL2/BCL-XL (p = 0.021) ratio, regardless of time of measurement before venetoclax treatment. Furthermore, an IRF5 motif was enriched (p < .001) in the downregulated genes in t(11;14) relapses vs diagnoses. The RR with single agent venetoclax was 71% in AL-amyloidosis and 33% in MM, and IHC proved useful in prediction of treatment outcome. We could also demonstrate possible resistance mechanisms of t(11;14), downregulation of IRF5 targeted genes, which can be exploited for therapeutic advantages.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias de Plasmócitos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia
5.
Am J Hematol ; 96(1): 23-30, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32936979

RESUMO

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant clonal plasma cell disorder, with a 1% yearly risk of progression to multiple myeloma (MM). Evolution of M-spike and serum free light chain (sFLC) during follow-up could identify patients at high risk of progression. In this region-wide study, including 4756 individuals, 987 patients with MGUS were identified, and baseline factors as well as evolving involved FLC (iFLC) were evaluated as potential markers for risk of progression from MGUS to MM. Furthermore, evolving iFLC and M-spike were assessed quarterly for a median of 5 years. At baseline, patients that progressed had significantly higher iFLC compared to non-progressors. The risk factors of M-spike >1.5 g/dL, age >65 years and iFLC >100 mg/L were all independently associated with increased risk of MGUS to MM progression. For patients that had any two or three risk factors, the 5-year cumulative probability of progression was significantly higher (31%) compared to no risk factors (2%). Evolving iFLC >100 mg/L during follow-up was consistently associated with increased risk of progression. Based on our observations, we propose to include iFLC as a monitoring tool for all MGUS patients. Furthermore, we recommend a quarterly monitoring in all high-risk patients. Finally, we suggest that the risk of MGUS progression should be stratified with age, M-spike, and iFLC at baseline.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina/sangue , Gamopatia Monoclonal de Significância Indeterminada/sangue , Mieloma Múltiplo/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
8.
Eur J Haematol ; 105(6): 751-754, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32745304

RESUMO

COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic. Cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk for adverse outcome of COVID-19. Studies are ongoing to decipher the risk factors and risk groups among cancer patients as well as strategies to refine treatment approaches. Here, we report eight patients with multiple myeloma that underwent immunomodulatory therapies with daratumumab or lenalidomide-based combination treatments and one patient with smoldering multiple myeloma, all of which presented with symptomatic COVID-19. We report that patients that succumbed to COVID-19 presented with either progressive tumor disease under daratumumab treatment or were in remission under lenalidomide-dexamethasone treatment.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Lenalidomida/efeitos adversos , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Talidomida/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , COVID-19 , Estudos de Coortes , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Lenalidomida/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida , Talidomida/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
10.
Eur J Haematol ; 105(2): 196-202, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32281193

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Little is reported on the real-life impact of daratumumab in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma patients (RRMM). We analyzed a cohort of 156 patients who received daratumumab as a single agent concerning ECOG status, eGFR, cytogenetics, lines of prior treatment, and their impact on survival. RESULTS: Eighty-two (53%) patients were triple refractory, 54 (35%) patients were single or double refractory, and 20 (12%) patients were non-refractory. Following daratumumab treatment, the progression-free survival (PFS) in these groups was 7.2%, 11.4%, and 53% (P < .001), and overall survival (OS) was 34%, 73%, and 58% (P < .001) at 36 months, respectively. Poor ECOG, three lines of prior treatment, and triple refractoriness were all associated with inferior PFS and OS in a multivariate analysis including ECOG, high-risk chromosomal aberrations, refractoriness, number of treatment lines, and eGFR. CONCLUSION: Daratumumab remains an attractive treatment option, especially in patients with poor performance and increased frailty. Furthermore, our observations suggest that patients with ECOG 2 and 3 status require additional supportive and/or palliative therapies to compensate for a potentially effective but encompassing late-line therapy. In conclusion, further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the impact of ECOG 2 and 3 status in patients with RRMM.


Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos dos fármacos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Gerenciamento Clínico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Acta Haematol ; 143(5): 500-503, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31896106

RESUMO

Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a disease with limited treatment options due to the frailty of patients caused by organ damage. Since the clonal plasma cells often contain the cytogenetic aberration t(11;14), the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax is suggested to have a role in the treatment of AL. Here, we report of a heart-transplanted patient, refractory to multiple therapies, reaching a rapid complete response with single-agent venetoclax.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/uso terapêutico , Amiloidose de Cadeia Leve de Imunoglobulina/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Amiloidose de Cadeia Leve de Imunoglobulina/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Translocação Genética
12.
Eur J Haematol ; 103(6): 588-596, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31487754

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The most common translocation in multiple myeloma (MM) is t(11;14)(q13;q32), and its importance as prognostic factor has been controversial. The aim was to analyze its prognostic value. METHOD: In this retrospective study of 469 newly diagnosed myeloma patients, outcomes in patients with (11;14) and standard risk (t(11;14)SR) or high risk (t(11;14)HR) cytogenetics were compared to outcomes of patients without t(11;14) and SR (non-t(11;14)SR) or HR (non-t(11;14)HR), respectively. RESULTS: Overall progression-free survival (PFS) was shorter in t(11;14)SR than non-t(11;14)SR (median 28.9 vs 35.3 months); however, the difference was not significant (P = .2). Overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the groups. In the subgroup of patients that did not receive high-dose treatment, PFS was shorter for t(11;14)SR compared to non-t(11;14)SR, 10.6 vs 24.6 months (P = .01). Although OS were shorter for t(11,14)SR compared to non-t(11;14)SR (5-year OS 41.7% vs 63.8%), the difference was not significant (P = .1). In HDT patients, no significant difference was observed for OS or PFS between those with or without t(11;14). CONCLUSION: This study shows that t(11;14) is associated with poorer outcome in MM, particularly in non-high-dose-treated SR patients. It should be considered an intermediate or high-risk marker in these patients.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 11/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 14/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Translocação Genética , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida
13.
Eur J Haematol ; 103(3): 247-254, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31231833

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: At our center, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were treated upfront with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD) until cyclophosphamide was replaced with lenalidomide in the combination (VRD). These treatments have never been compared head-to-head in large real-life patient material. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of patients treated with VRD and VCD in the first line, both with and without subsequent high-dose treatment (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 681 patients were included, 117 receiving VRD (71 with, 46 without HDT) and 564 receiving VCD (351 with, 213 without HDT). RESULTS: Overall response rate (≥partial response) was higher with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group (98% vs 88%, P < 0.001) and in the non-HDT group (98% vs 79%, P < 0.001). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 18 months was longer with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group, the non-HDT group and the HDT group (88% vs 63%, 82% vs 32% and 91% vs 73%, respectively). Overall survival at 18 months was better for VRD-treated patients in the entire VRD group (95% vs 89%, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Upfront VRD gives better responses and longer PFS compared to VCD in MM patients with or without subsequent HDT.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bortezomib/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Lenalidomida/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/mortalidade , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Análise de Sobrevida , Teniposídeo/efeitos adversos , Teniposídeo/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
14.
PLoS One ; 14(2): e0211927, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30759167

RESUMO

Treatment with Daratumumab (Dara), a monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody of IgG1 subtype, is effective in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, Dara also impairs the cellular immunity, which in turn may lead to higher susceptibility to infections. The exact link between immune impairment and infectious complications is unclear. In this study, we report that nine out of 23 patients (39%) with progressive MM had infectious complications after Dara treatment. Five of these patients had viral infections, two developed with bacterial infections and two with both bacterial and viral infections. Two of the viral infections were exogenous, i.e. acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), while five consisted of reactivations, i.e. one herpes simplex (HSV), 1 varicella-zoster (VZV) and three cytomegalovirus (CMV). Infections were solely seen in patients with partial response or worse. Assessment of circulating lymphocytes indicated a selective depletion of NK cells and viral reactivation after Dara treatment, however this finding does not exclude the multiple components of viral immune-surveillance that may get disabled during this monoclonal treatment in this patient cohort. These results suggest that the use of antiviral and antibacterial prophylaxis and screening of the patients should be considered.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Infecções Bacterianas , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Depleção Linfocítica , Mieloma Múltiplo , Viroses , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Infecções Bacterianas/induzido quimicamente , Infecções Bacterianas/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/microbiologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/virologia , Viroses/induzido quimicamente , Viroses/imunologia
15.
Eur J Haematol ; 100(4): 386-388, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29226427

RESUMO

Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL) affects multiple organs, most prominently the kidney and the heart. Renal and cardiac impairment are both associated with poor prognosis and most patients die as a consequence of renal or cardiac failure. Monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab (human IgG1 anti-CD38) and elotuzumab (anti-SLAMF7) have shown promising efficacy for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. In this case report we show 2 patients with severe AL, one with severe heart failure and one with heart and renal failure, undergoing treatment with daratumumab. Both patients showed a rapid decrease in FLC in response to daratumumab infusions, with few associated adverse events. Using therapeutic CD38 antibodies as a front-line treatment for AL could induce rapid responses while maintaining a tolerable safety profile in these ultra-fragile patients.


Assuntos
Amiloidose/tratamento farmacológico , Amiloidose/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina/metabolismo , Adulto , Amiloidose/complicações , Amiloidose/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Testes de Função Renal , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
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