Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in children and adolescents at a regional Brazilian oral pathology service: a retrospective study and the relevant literature review.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the prevalence of maxillofacial lesions in children, i.e., 0-9 years, and adolescents, i.e., 10-19 years, in a Brazilian Oral Pathology Service and compared results with available literature. METHODS: Clinical and histopathological records from January 2007 to August 2020 were analysed and a literature review investigating maxillofacial lesions in paediatric populations was also performed. RESULTS: Overall, "reactive salivary gland lesions" and "reactive connective tissue lesions" were the most prevalent group of soft tissue lesions, affecting children and adolescents equally. From these, mucocele and pyogenic granuloma were the most prevalent histological diagnoses, respectively, regardless of age. These findings were consistent with the 32 studies included. Considering intraosseous lesions, "odontogenic cysts" and "periapical inflammatory lesions" were the most prevalent groups, with no relevant differences between age groups, except for the odontogenic keratocyst, which was more prevalent in adolescents. Moreover, several odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastic fibroma and odontogenic myxoma, were significantly more prevalent in children. CONCLUSION: Most maxillofacial lesions presented a similar prevalence between children and adolescents. Reactive salivary gland lesions and reactive connective tissue lesions were the prevailing diagnostic categories, regardless of age. Some odontogenic tumours and the odontogenic keratocyst showed significantly different frequencies across these age groups.

Relationship between histopathological lesions and oxidative stress in mice infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis.

This study describes changes in oxidative stress (OS) parameters in mice experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis, which causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis. For this, 28 Swiss mice were used, divided into two groups (G1 and G2), with 14 animals each. Of these, eight were infected with ten infective larvae each, by gavage, and six were used as a control group. Mice from G1 and G2 were euthanized at 14 days and 24 days post-infection, respectively. Tissue samples were used for histopathological analysis and blood (serum) samples were taken to assess the levels of proteins, non-protein thiols (NPTs) and nitric oxide (NO), from centrifugation and subsequent collection of aliquots of the supernatant. Among OS parameters, infected mice in both groups had higher NO levels than the control group, due to the presence of: eosinophil infiltrate in the liver and intestine; pancreatitis; and intestinal granuloma. However, the infected mice of both groups showed a reduction in the levels of NPTs, in relation to the control group, due to the presence of: eosinophilic infiltrate in the liver and intestine; and intestinal granuloma. Our results suggest that A. costaricensis infection has important effects on the intestine, liver and pancreas, and the analyses were performed from the tissue of these organs. The mechanisms for these changes are related to the decrease in the body's main antioxidant defences, as demonstrated by the reduction of NPTs, thus contributing to the development of more severe tissue damage. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between histopathological lesions and markers for OS.

First operation in SPIDER and the path to complete MITICA.

The requirements of ITER neutral beam injectors (1 MeV, 40 A negative deuterium ion current for 1 h) have never been simultaneously attained; therefore, a dedicated Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX (Padova, Italy). The NBTF includes two experiments: SPIDER (Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma), the full-scale prototype of the source of ITER injectors, with a 100 keV accelerator, to investigate and optimize the properties of the ion source; and MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the entire injector, devoted to the issues related to the accelerator, including voltage holding at low gas pressure. The present paper gives an account of the status of the procurements, of the timeline, and of the voltage holding tests and experiments for MITICA. As for SPIDER, the first year of operation is described, regarding the solution of some issues connected with the radiofrequency power, the source operation, and the characterization of the first negative ion beam.

Morphological analysis of the skeletal development in lateral cephalometric radiographs of HIV infected children ongoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the skeletal development of HIV infected children through a morphological analysis of the cervical vertebrae (CV) in lateral cephalometric radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 86 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female children aged between 6 and 14 years old. The radiographs were equally distributed in groups 1 (HIV infected children) and 2 (non-infected children, paired by sex and age). Two examiners analyzed the CV according to the method of Hassel and Farman (1995). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate age and skeletal development within groups, while Mann-Whitney test compared the skeletal development between groups. RESULTS: The correlation of age and skeletal development in group 1 reached 0.17, 0.27 and 0.27 (p>0.05) for C2, C3 and C4, respectively, while in group 2 it reached 0.65, 0.54 and 0.60, respectively (p<0.001). Differences were not significant between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infected and non-infected children showed a similar development of the CV. However, the weak correlation between age and CV development in HIV infected children highlights the need for careful decisions prior to therapeutic approaches - especially those founded on the prediction of skeletal development, such as maxillofacial surgeries, and orthopedic and orthodontic procedures.

Fast Thermal Helium Beam diagnostic for measurements of edge electron profiles and fluctuations.

The edge of fusion experiments is a region where strong gradients develop, together with the presence of strong fluctuations due to turbulence. The thermal helium beam diagnostic developed for the RFX-mod experiment allows the measurements with a single diagnostic of both low frequency time evolution of the edge radial profiles of electron density and temperature (tens of hertz), and the high frequency fluctuations (hundreds of kHz). To maximize the collected light, the three HeI lines necessary to be measured for the evaluation of n(e) and T(e) are separated with a spectrograph, and multianode photomultipliers are used as light detectors. The paper describes the diagnostic setup, with the interface hardware with the machine and the optical layout, and the characterization of its performances.

Carcinoma de seno maxilar en paciente con liquen plano oral: Presentación de un caso clínico / Maxillary sinus carcinoma in a patient with oral lichen planus: A case report

Mujer de 55 años de edad, fumadora, depresiva, con Liquen Plano Oral (LPO) de control clínico difícil, de más de 10 años de evolución. La paciente ha presentado períodos de remisión y exacerbación de las lesiones, de forma paralela presentó aumento de volumen intraoral en región maxilar izquierda, la superficie de la nueva lesión estaba ulcerada, y desprendía olor fétido en región alveolar sometida a exodoncias previas. El diagnóstico clínico inicial fue de una probable transformación maligna del LPO preexistente. Una biopsia incisional confirmó la presencia de carcinoma de células escamosas. Los exámenes tomográficos revelaron una amplia imagen destructiva dentro del seno maxilar, con zonas de erosión ósea en las estructuras adyacentes. Con la asociación de datos clínicos y de imagen llegamos al diagnóstico de carcinoma de células escamosas en seno maxilar. La paciente fue sometida a maxilectomía parcial y radioterapia adyuvante. Después de algunos meses, se manifestó la recidiva local con el agravamiento del cuadro clínico del paciente. Se instauró la quimioterapia paliativa adyuvante, sin éxito clínico. La paciente murió después de un año de tratamiento, debido a trombosis (AU)

Patient with difficult-to-manage oral lichen planus, with relapses and exacerbations over a 10-year period, presented with a large ulcerative and foul-smelling intraoral mass in the left maxillary region. The initial clinical diagnosis indicated squamous cell carcinoma with possible association with previous history of lichen planus at the site. The incisional biopsy confirmed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma. The imaging exams revealed extensive involvement of the adjacent maxillary sinus cavity, with areas of bone erosion. The association of clinical, imaging and laboratory data indicated maxillary sinus carcinoma. The patient underwent maxillectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy. Local relapse and deterioration of symptoms occurred, and palliative chemotherapy was then used. The patient was refractory to chemotherapy and died one year later (AU)

Paracoccidioidomicosis: Manifestaciones orales e implicaciones sistémicas / Paracoccidioidomicose: Oral manifestations and sistemic implications

La paracoccidioidomicosis es una infección causada por un hongo P. brasiliensis. Se trata de una micosis profunda y sistémica, es considerada una enfermedad endémica en Brasil y en otros países de América Latina. El hongo es adquirido por inhalación, dando lugar a un cuadro clínico pulmonar que puede posteriormente afectar a la piel, mucosa oral, nasal y gastrointestinal; también el bazo y el hígado pueden verse afectados. Es frecuente encontrar linfadenopatías, y verse afectada la glándula suprarrenal y todas las vísceras, causando la muerte del paciente. Las úlceras orales suelen ser lesiones muy dolorosas, por ello el paciente acude a consulta para ser evaluado clínicamente por su odontólogo o estomatólogo. El diagnóstico precoz es la mejor manera de salvar al paciente de las complicaciones de la enfermedad. El número creciente de inmigrantes latinos puede hacer que esta importante enfermedad empiece a ser más prevalente en los países de la Comunidad Europea, por ello conocer en profundidad las características clínicas de esta infección por parte de los odontólogos europeos, es fundamental para llegar a diagnosticarla de forma temprana (AU)

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the p. brasiliensis fungus. This is a deep, systemic fungal infection considered endemic in Brazil and some Latin American countries. The fungus is acquired by inhalation, resulting in a pulmonary disease which may also affect the skin, oral, nasal and gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as the spleen and liver. Patients commonly present lymphadenopathy. The resulting adrenal gland and visceralin volvement can be fatal. Oral lesions are often very painful leading the patient to the dentist or stomatologist for a clinical evaluation. Early diagnosis is the best way to avoid serious complications of the disease. The growing number of Latin immigrants may increase the prevalence of this important disease in the European Community, therefore, the knowledge of the clinical characteristics of this infection by European dentists isessential to early diagnosis (AU)

Active-feedback control of the magnetic boundary for magnetohydrodynamic stabilization of a fusion plasma.

Stable operation with control on magnetohydrodynamic modes has been obtained in the modified reversed field experiment employing a set of 192 feedback controlled saddle coils. Improvements of plasma temperature, confinement (twofold), and pulse length (threefold) and, as a consequence of the magnetic fluctuation reduction, strong mitigation of plasma-wall interaction and mode locking are reported.

Microthrix parvicella foaming at the Fusina WWTP.

The Fusina WWTP receives civil and industrial wastewater from Venice and its hinterland. Its treatment capacity is in the range of 4,000-5,000 m3/h. In winter the Fusina WWTP is subjected to brown and viscous foams developed on the surface of the aeration basins and of the clarifiers. The microscopic observation of biological foams and activated sludge samples showed high concentration of the filamentous organism Microthrix parvicella. This paper investigates the growth of M. parvicella from January 1998 to January 1999 and relates it to foams developed on the aeration basins and clarifiers, to temperature, surfactants, BOD5, NH4, NO3, NO2, DO, PO4 and pH of the wastewater influent, to SVI and the other species of filamentous organisms of mixed liquor. The results demonstrate the strong connection of the foams developed with M. parvicella abundance, the synergic action with surfactants, the dependence of M. parvicella on temperature and no relation to the other chemical and physical parameters investigated.

In vitro study of enamel erosion caused by soft drinks and lemon juice in deciduous teeth analysed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

The erosion caused in vitro by cola-type and guaraná-type beverages (the latter is a soft drink sold in Brazil), and a canned lemon juice on the enamel of human deciduous teeth was analyzed. Morphological analysis of affected enamel was done using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The harmful effect of all test products on deciduous enamel was clearly demonstrated. Stereomicroscopy showed loss of gloss and an alteration in normal color of enamel, with irregular loss of dental tissue in variable degrees. Such a loss became more serious as the time of incubation increased. Different degrees of solubilization of enamel prisms were demonstrated by SEM, affecting initially the sheaths and the heads of prisms and later their tails. Areas of erosion increased in proportion to the time of incubation. All the products showed a great erosive potential on human deciduous dental enamel.