RESUMO
Guided by structure-based drug design, modification of the 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-dione lead compound 1 resulted in the discovery of 19, a potent and orally bioavailable antagonist of the HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction (FP IC50 = 0.7 microM, F approximately 100%).
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/química , Desenho de Fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Alquilação , Animais , Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Ácidos Pentanoicos/química , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/químicaRESUMO
The activity and stability of the p53 tumor suppressor are regulated by the human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (Hdm2) oncoprotein. It has been hypothesized that small molecules disrupting the Hdm2:p53 complex would allow for the activation of p53 and result in growth suppression. We have identified small-molecule inhibitors of the Hdm2:p53 interaction using our proprietary ThermoFluor microcalorimetry technology. Medicinal chemistry and structure-based drug design led to the development of an optimized series of benzodiazepinediones, including TDP521252 and TDP665759. Activities were dependent on the expression of wild-type (wt) p53 and Hdm2 as determined by lack of potency in mutant or null p53-expressing cell lines or cells engineered to no longer express Hdm2 and wt p53. TDP521252 and TDP665759 inhibited the proliferation of wt p53-expressing cell lines with average IC(50)s of 14 and 0.7 micromol/L, respectively. These results correlated with the direct cellular dissociation of Hdm2 from wt p53 observed within 15 minutes in JAR choriocarcinoma cells. Additional activities of these inhibitors in vitro include stabilization of p53 protein levels, up-regulation of p53 target genes in a DNA damage-independent manner, and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Administration of TDP665759 to mice led to an increase in p21(waf1/cip1) levels in liver samples. Finally, TDP665759 synergizes with doxorubicin both in culture and in an A375 xenograft model to decrease tumor growth. Taken together, these data support the potential utility of small-molecule inhibitors of the Hdm2:p53 interaction for the treatment of wt p53-expressing tumors.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinonas/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Benzodiazepinonas/administração & dosagem , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Complexos Multiproteicos , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
HDM2 binds to an alpha-helical transactivation domain of p53, inhibiting its tumor suppressive functions. A miniaturized thermal denaturation assay was used to screen chemical libraries, resulting in the discovery of a novel series of benzodiazepinedione antagonists of the HDM2-p53 interaction. The X-ray crystal structure of improved antagonists bound to HDM2 reveals their alpha-helix mimetic properties. These optimized molecules increase the transcription of p53 target genes and decrease proliferation of tumor cells expressing wild-type p53.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/agonistas , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Mimetismo Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2 , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossínteseRESUMO
A library of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones was screened for binding to the p53-binding domain of HDM2 using Thermofluor, a miniaturized thermal denaturation assay. The hits obtained were shown to bind to HDM2 in the p53-binding pocket using a fluorescence polarization (FP) peptide displacement assay. The potency of the series was optimized, leading to sub-micromolar antagonists of the p53-HDM2 interaction.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/síntese química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Polarização de Fluorescência , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2 , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
A study of the S1 binding of lead 5-methylthiothiophene amidine 3, an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was undertaken by the introduction of a variety of substituents at the thiophene 5-position. The 5-alkyl substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes were prepared using organolithium chemistry. Heteroatom substituents were introduced at the 5-position using a novel displacement reaction of 5-methylsulfonylthiophenes and the corresponding oxygen or sulfur anions. Small alkyl group substitution at the 5-position provided inhibitors equipotent with but possessing improved solubility.