Long-term blockade of angiotensin AT1 receptors increases survival of obese Zucker rats.

Despite the well-documented effect of irbesartan, an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, on diabetic nephropathy, its effect on mortality related to multiple metabolic risk factors is unknown. To address this question, obese fa/fa Zucker rats were submitted to a 13-month treatment by irbesartan (30 mg/kg/day p.o.). Vehicle-treated obese fa/fa Zucker rats exhibited an important mortality (72%), which was markedly reduced by irbesartan (22%, P<0.05). Mortality in control lean fa/+ rats attained 12%. Irbesartan diminished the elevation in urinary protein excretion, plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and reduced the extent of glomerular and tubulo-interstitial lesions together with a reduction of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion in fa/fa Zucker rats. Irbesartan treatment prevented the rise in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels, and partially corrected low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio in fa/fa Zucker rats. Therefore, prolonged irbesartan treatment preserves renal function and metabolic profile, and substantially increases survival in obese fa/fa Zucker rats.

Serotonin receptor blockade improves distal perfusion after lower limb ischemia in the fatty Zucker rat.

OBJECTIVE: Lower limb perfusion following arterial occlusion depends on the recruitment of collateral vessels. Blood flow through these collateral vessels may be jeopardized by hypersensitivity to vasoconstriction by serotonin (5-HT), as has been reported during hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the benefits of chronic treatment with SL65.0472, a mixed 5-HT(1B)/5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, on lower limb ischemia in fatty fa/fa Zucker rats, a strain characterized by obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Comparison was made with lean control fa/+ Zucker rats. METHODS: SL65.0472 (3 mg/kg/day, n=16) or its vehicle (n=20) were administered orally for 13 days to male fatty fa/fa Zucker rats submitted to lower limb ischemia. Hindlimb ischemia was induced unilaterally by resection of the left femoral and external iliac arteries and embolization of the left internal iliac artery with microspheres. Distal perfusion was measured under mild anesthesia by laser Doppler imaging of both feet. The perfusion deficit (Delta%) was calculated before and 3, 7 and 14 days after induction of hindlimb ischemia. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of SL65.0472, muscular partial oxygen pressure, iliac blood flows, maximal vasodilatory reserve and the vasoreactivity to 5-HT were measured in both limbs. RESULTS: Chronic administration of SL65.0472 improved the distal perfusion from day 3. At day 14, the deficit of perfusion was limited to -36+/-7% in SL65.0472-treated animals vs. -70+/-6% in the vehicle-treated group (P<0.001) and was accompanied by a significant improvement of partial oxygen pressure in the ischemic limb (SL65.0472: 10.4+/-3.9 mmHg vs. vehicle: 3.5+/-1.1 mmHg, P<0.05). Maximal vasodilatory reserve tended to increase from 2.2+/-0.4 ml/min in the vehicle-treated group to 3.8+/-0.6 ml/min after SL65.0472. SL65.0472 markedly reduced 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction, which was enhanced in the hypoperfused limb, without altering arterial pressure. Induction of hindlimb ischemia led to the overexpression of both 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(2A) receptors only in the hypoperfused skeletal muscle as assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the recruitment of collateral vessels after the induction of hindlimb ischemia is significantly impaired in obese fa/fa Zucker rats due to a persistent vasoconstriction mediated by 5-HT and involving stimulation of 5-HT(1B) and/or 5-HT(2A) receptors.