Assuntos
Projetos de Pesquisa , Meio Social , Gêmeos , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Fatores Sexuais , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
Mothers and fathers rated their interaction with twin children on the Parent's Report (PR) questionnaire containing two scales-how the parent actually relates and how the ideal parent would relate. Mothers and fathers differed in parental style. Mothers perceived themselves as being profoundly more child-centered; fathers perceived themselves as using more control through arousal of guilt and anxiety. Parents asserted more control through temper and detachment with same-sex children. Boys and girls and monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins did not receive distinctly different parenting. Parents described MZ children as much more similar than DZ children but acted similarly with children in both types of twinships. Parental knowledge of zygosity did not affect the way the parents treated children. These findings suggest the relative importance of genetic contributions to behavioral similarity in MZ twins.
Assuntos
Relações Pai-Filho , Relações Mãe-Filho , Autoimagem , Gêmeos , Fatores Etários , Ira , Ansiedade/etiologia , Aspirações Psicológicas , Peso ao Nascer , Criança , Educação Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Culpa , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Comportamento Materno , Comportamento Paterno , Gravidez , Fatores Sexuais , Socialização , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
Mothers and fathers rated the personality of twin children, using the Childhood Personality Scale (CPS). Fathers characterized children as less attentive, zestful, and talkative than mothers. Boys were rated as more attentive, hyperactive, ebullient and sociable; girls were described as more placid and talkative. Monozygotic (MZ) twinships were much more similar than dizygotic (DZ) on the attention, behavior modulation, and sociability dimensions. Monozygotic and DZ twins both had a high degree of intrapair similarity in zestfulness and verbal expressiveness. Monozygotic twins whose parents thought they were DZ or were not certain of zygosity were as alike as MZ twins believed to be MZ. All three MZ groups were different from DZ twins. Thus, parental expectation did not appear to strongly influence similarity in attention, behavior modulation, and sociability, This suggests the strong genetic contribution to their emergence.
Assuntos
Relações Pais-Filho , Personalidade , Percepção Social , Fatores Etários , Atenção , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Emoções , Feminino , Genética , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Atividade Motora , Gravidez , Psicometria , Fatores Sexuais , Comportamento Social , Gêmeos , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos Monozigóticos , Comportamento VerbalRESUMO
Blood typing is the most reliable method for assigning zygosity to twinships in psychological research. Cost, ethical considerations, and practical difficulties in obtaining blood specimens from a large group of children suggested the need for a questionnaire method used with young children and completed by parents. One was designed to assess zygosity based on the extent to which the children were rated as looking alike and being confused by family and strangers. Validity was determined with a sample of twins whose zygosity was demonstrated by blood typing. To determine test-retest reliability, and to explore parental beliefs about zygosity, mothers of same-sex twinships completed the questionnaire on two separate occasions, showing very high agreement. The major difference in parental perceptions of monozygotic and dizygotic twinships is convenient for epidemiological research. This difference, however, questions the assumption, made in estimates of heritability using twin data, that both twinships have identical environmental experiences.
