[Integral assessment of learning subjects difficulties].

The integral criterion for subject difficulties in senior classes is substantiated in terms of progress in studies, variation coefficient, and subjective and expert appraisals of the difficulty of subjects. The compiled regression models adequately determine the difficulty of academic subjects. According to the root-mean-square deviation, all subjects were found to have 3 degrees of difficulty.

[Health and life-style of students].

It is established that the increase of morbidity with highly active chronic development is an integral characteristic of students' health. The unfavorable tendencies in health conditions are conditioned by the improper life-style. The specificity of students' life-style relates to the professional targeting of the education and gender trends. The conceptual model of healthy life-style formation includes such blocks as the parameters of life-style, the risk factors, the deviations in health conditions, the activities in life-style enhancement.

[Modern aspects of training general practitioners (family doctor) in preventive medicine].

The experience of forming a preventive trend in the general practitioner (family doctor) approach in the context of the Bologna process in Europe has been studied. To stimulate a student's reason to apprehend hygienic approach in their future practice, written tests and tasks for the ongoing and interim control, which are similar to the tests of the final state exam on hygienehave been developed. These tests and tasks have been introduced in educational process.

[Health status of city children]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia detskogo naseleniia megapolisa.

The conditions of a megapolis are marked by a considerable man-made pressure and environmental denaturalization. When children long live under these conditions, they develop a specific response as high rates of morbidity and prevalence of diseases. Different types of morbidity dynamics (growth, undulatory pattern, and relative stability) form depending on the pathogenetic potential of environmental factors and adaptive compensatory capacities of the body.

[Standards of health services at child day care centers]. / Standarty meditsinskogo obespecheniia v detskikh sotsial'nykh uchrezhdeniiakh.

The number of homeless children has been growing due to an unfavorable social-and-economic situation. The establishment of specialized facilities of a new type, i.e. orphanages, has been underway to cope with the above social problem. Advancing of health protection in orphanages is based on the organizational, procedural and qualitative standards of medical care.

[Atmospheric pollution as a health risk factor in children and adolescence]. / Atmosfernye zagriazneniia kak faktor riska dlia zdorov'ia detskogo i podrostnovogo naseleniia.

Atmospheric pollution is an essential health risk factor. The present-day considerable rise in the incidence and prevalence of diseases among children and adolescents suggest that there is an excess of ecological pressure above the body's functional capacities of their adaptation. Children of the first year of life are the most vulnerable group. They are at the highest risk of death and disease with high technogenic loads (2.15-6.33 units).

[Experience gained in organizing outpatient care in summer camps for children and adolescents]. / Opyt organizatsii poliklinicheskoi pomoshchi v letnikh ozdorovitel'nykh uchrezhdeniiakh dlia detei i podrostkov.

Relative risk of gastrointestinal diseases, tonsillitis, and injuries is notably increased at summer camps for children; epidemic hazards are high there too. Central outpatient clinic for these camps, functioning on the base of processual and structural standards and the final result standard, plays an important role in improving the quality of medical care rendered at summer camps.

[Sanitary-epidemiological characteristics of preschool institutions]. / Sanitarno-épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika sredy detskikh doshkol'nykh uchrezhdenii.

A specific microbial landscape forms in children of preschool institutions (PSI). To identify their sanitary and epidemiological hazards, the authors proposes to use the most common PSI pathogenic and opportunistic microbes that allow specific risk factors to be detected. The pinworm egg seeding index is used to estimate the pollution of the institutional environment.

[Hygienic assessment and regulation of the academic load in the middle grades of high schools]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka i reglamentatsiia uchebnoi nagruzki v srednikh klassakh gimnazii.

The difficulties of educational subjects were comprehensively assessed by determining the easiness of reading of educational texts, their component complexity and abstraction, the subjective difficulty of subjects, by analyzing the pupils' progress in studies. A table covering the difficulties of subjects taught in the 5-8th forms of gymnasia has been made up in terms of these parameters. Evidence is given for an approach to the biological rhythmological organization of educational burden.

[A hygienic evaluation of textbooks for the senior grades]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka uchebnikov dlia starshikh klassov.

Difficulty presented by text-books is a leading factor that forms relations in the pupil-school system. Text-books on algebra, chemistry, geometry, and Russian for secondary forms are most difficult in their component complexity and abstruse character. The difficulty of educational texts increases with the 5th to 8th forms.

[The effect of the instructional profile in secondary schools on the body functional status of the pupils]. / Vliianie profilia obucheniia v litseiakh na funktsional'noe sostoianie organizma uchashchikhsia.

The main point of a lyceum is specialized education. The features of its educational process were studied by 6 profiles: medical, humanitarian, physicomathematical, chemobiological, technical, and commercial. The impact of either profile on the functional status of 2627 children was also examined. Study at the chemobiological, technical, and physicomathematical lyceums was shown to exert an unfavourable influence on the children's health.

[Health survey of nitrate load in preschool institutions]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka nitratnoi nagruzki v detskom doshkol'nom uchrezhdenii.

Consumption of nitrates with plant food, milk and water was studied in pre-schoolchildren aged 4-6 years going to pre-school institutions. Contents of nitrates were higher than maximum permissible level in 25.3% of food samples. It was shown that most significant consumption of nitrates was at the expense of cabbage (1.9-2.4 mg/kg of body mass) and beetroot (1.5-2.0 mg/kg). Taking into account the nitrate levels in water and milk a daily consumption of nitrates in preschool children was higher than daily permissible level.

[The dynamics of the psychophysiological indices of occupational fitness in the students of vocational training centers and in underground miners]. / Dinamika psikhofiziologicheskikh pokazatelei prigodnosti u uchashchikhsia uchebno-proizvodstvennykh kombinatov i podzemnykh gornorabochikh.

The psychophysiological indices of occupational fitness are characterized by stability in the age groups from 17 to 40 with subsequent diminishing. Lesser degrees of emotional stability were found in teenagers in vocational training schools. The professional fitness assessment of vocational school trainees should be performed with due account of the occupation-related intensive changes in sensomotor reactions and coordination.

[The health-promoting tendency of systematic swimming exercises in preschool institutions]. / Ozdorovitel'naia napravlennost' sistematicheskikh zaniatii plavaniem v doshkol'nykh uchrezhdeniiakh. 1

Systematic swimming exercises in child preschool establishments increase toughening of children, resistance to unfavourable factors, and also favourably influence anthropometric indices. Besides, collective health indicators in such groups (health index, specific weight of children who get ill frequently, the presence of the antigen protective titre, mean duration of one case of a disease) were reliably better.

[Creating optimal hygienic conditions for students' activities]. / K gigienicheskoi optimizatsii deiatelnosti shkol'nikov.

Optimization of the preparation of school-children for the working activity may be presented as a model consisting of 4 blocks. Socially significant functions are system-forming factors of this model, i.e. the functions of an organism with which successful implementation of the major types of activities is associated. System approach to the management of schoolchildren's activities based on the dynamic control of socially significant functions and on selective influence on external and internal factors with the help of prophylactic and corrective activities make it possible to maintain its hygienic optimization.