Risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in adults in six provinces of Argentina.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a cause of illness and death across the world, especially in developing countries and vulnerable population groups. In 2013, 1.5 million died from the disease worldwide. In Argentina, the largest proportion of TB-related deaths occurred in the northern provinces. Several international studies reported that TB mortality was related to the presence of certain comorbidities and socio-demographic characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the main risk factors associated with TB mortality in adults from six provinces in Argentina, especially those with higher TB mortality rates. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. It included all patients of =18 years with clinical and/or bacteriological TB diagnosis who underwent treatment from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2013. Socio-demographic, clinical and bacteriological variables were surveyed. Information on 157 cases and 281 controls was obtained. Patients reported as deceased to the TB Control Program were considered cases, and those whose treatment result was reported as successful in the same time period were considered controls. For 111 deaths, the average time elapsed between the start of treatment and death was 2.3 months; median: 1. TB-related mortality was associated with poor TB treatment adherence (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), AIDS (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), male gender (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), belonging to indigenous people (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p:0. 000) and age = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). By multivariate analysis the two first associations were confirmed. This study sets up the basis for planning inter-program and inter-sector work to accelerate the decline in the inequitable TB mortality.

Risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in adults in six provinces of Argentina

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a cause of illness and death across the world, especially in developing countries and vulnerable population groups. In 2013, 1.5 million died from the disease worldwide. In Argentina, the largest proportion of TB-related deaths occurred in the northern provinces. Several international studies reported that TB mortality was related to the presence of certain comorbidities and socio-demographic characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the main risk factors associated with TB mortality in adults from six provinces in Argentina, especially those with higher TB mortality rates. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. It included all patients of =18 years with clinical and/or bacteriological TB diagnosis who underwent treatment from January 1st, 2012 to June 30th, 2013. Socio-demographic, clinical and bacteriological variables were surveyed. Information on 157 cases and 281 controls was obtained. Patients reported as deceased to the TB Control Program were considered cases, and those whose treatment result was reported as successful in the same time period were considered controls. For 111 deaths, the average time elapsed between the start of treatment and death was 2.3 months; median: 1. TB-related mortality was associated with poor TB treatment adherence (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), AIDS (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), male gender (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), belonging to indigenous people (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p:0. 000) and age = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). By multivariate analysis the two first associations were confirmed. This study sets up the basis for planning inter-program and inter-sector work to accelerate the decline in the inequitable TB mortality.

En 2013, 1.5 millones de personas murieron por tuberculosis (TB) en el mundo, especialmente en países en desarrollo y grupos de población vulnerables. En Argentina, la mayor proporción de muertes asociadas con TB ocurrió en las provincias del norte. Estudios internacionales observaron que la mortalidad por TB estaba relacionada con comorbilidades y características sociodemográficas. Este estudio pretendió investigar cuáles eran los principales factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad por TB en adultos de seis provincias argentinas, especialmente aquellas con mayores tasas de mortalidad por TB. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo casos-controles, incluyendo todos los pacientes = 18 años con diagnóstico clínico y/o bacteriológico de TB en tratamiento entre el 1° de enero de 2012 y el 30 de junio de 2013. Se obtuvo información de 157 casos y 281 controles, considerándose casos los pacientes notificados como fallecidos al Programa de TB y controles aquellos cuyo resultado de tratamiento fue notificado como éxito o curado en el mismo período de tiempo. El tiempo transcurrido entre el comienzo del tratamiento y la muerte fue 2.3 meses; mediana: 1. Las muertes relacionadas con TB estuvieron asociadas con: escasa adherencia al tratamiento (OR: 3.7 [1.9-7.3], p: 0.000), sida (OR: 5.29 [2.6-10.7], p: 0.000), género masculino (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.5], p: 0.009), pertenencia a pueblos originarios (OR: 7.2 [2.8-18.9], p: 0.000) y edad = 50 (OR: 2.2 [1.4-3.3], p: 0.000). Por análisis multivariado, se confirmaron las dos primeras asociaciones. Este estudio sienta las bases para planificar acciones destinadas a acelerar el descenso de la mortalidad por TB.

Factores predictivos de la no adherencia al tratamiento de la tuberculosis en municipios del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Predictive factors of non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes y las características del tratamiento que influyen en la no-adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Se encuestaron 38 pacientes que no adhirieron al tratamiento y 85 pacientes que adhirieron al tratamiento, diagnosticados durante el año 2007, residentes y atendidos en hospitales de municipios seleccionados. El análisis de los factores se llevó a cabo mediante regresión logística. Los resultados indican que los pacientes con viviendas sin agua, tuvieron 3 veces más probabilidad de no adherencia (OR=2,8; IC95% 1,1-6,9). Asimismo, los pacientes que realizaban los controles en un hospital tuvieron 3 veces más riesgo de no adherir que los que los realizaban en centros de atención primaria (OR=3,2; IC95% 1,1-8,9). Estos resultados permiten delinear un perfil de paciente en riesgo de no-adherencia, caracterizado por estar en condiciones de pobreza, y con dificultades de acceso a la atención de su salud.

The aim of this study was to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and the treatment characteristics that influence non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment. A transversal case-control study was carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Of the patients interviewed, 38 were non-adherent and 85 were adherent; all were diagnosed during 2007 and resided in and were treated in the hospitals of the selected municipalities. Factors predictive of non-adherence were assessed through logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that patients whose dwellings had no water supply were nearly 3 times more likely to be non-adherent (OR=2.8, 95%CI 1.1-6.9). Patients who had medical check-ups at hospitals were 3 times more likely to be non-adherent than those with check-ups at a primary health care center (OR=3.2, 95%CI 1.1-8.9). These results allow us to identify patients at risk of non-adherence to antituberculosis treatment as those living in poverty conditions and facing barriers to health care access.

Factores predictivos de la no adherencia al tratamiento de la tuberculosis en municipios del Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Predictive factors of non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes y las características del tratamiento que influyen en la no-adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en el Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Se encuestaron 38 pacientes que no adhirieron al tratamiento y 85 pacientes que adhirieron al tratamiento, diagnosticados durante el año 2007, residentes y atendidos en hospitales de municipios seleccionados. El análisis de los factores se llevó a cabo mediante regresión logística. Los resultados indican que los pacientes con viviendas sin agua, tuvieron 3 veces más probabilidad de no adherencia (OR=2,8; IC95% 1,1-6,9). Asimismo, los pacientes que realizaban los controles en un hospital tuvieron 3 veces más riesgo de no adherir que los que los realizaban en centros de atención primaria (OR=3,2; IC95% 1,1-8,9). Estos resultados permiten delinear un perfil de paciente en riesgo de no-adherencia, caracterizado por estar en condiciones de pobreza, y con dificultades de acceso a la atención de su salud.(AU)

The aim of this study was to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and the treatment characteristics that influence non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment. A transversal case-control study was carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Of the patients interviewed, 38 were non-adherent and 85 were adherent; all were diagnosed during 2007 and resided in and were treated in the hospitals of the selected municipalities. Factors predictive of non-adherence were assessed through logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that patients whose dwellings had no water supply were nearly 3 times more likely to be non-adherent (OR=2.8, 95%CI 1.1-6.9). Patients who had medical check-ups at hospitals were 3 times more likely to be non-adherent than those with check-ups at a primary health care center (OR=3.2, 95%CI 1.1-8.9). These results allow us to identify patients at risk of non-adherence to antituberculosis treatment as those living in poverty conditions and facing barriers to health care access.(AU)

Tailoring the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery: results from a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of performing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCH) followed by radical surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. METHODS: Prospective and multicenter trial. Thirty-five patients with a diagnosis of previously untreated locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were given 4 schemes of cisplatin-based NCH and 1 NCH regimen with single bleomycin. Then, they underwent radical surgery of the vulva if clinical response was 50% or more. Age, NCH schemes used, toxicity, response to treatment, type of radical surgery performed, and clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients completed the proposed schemes, and 30 were assessed for radical surgery. Finally, 27 patients underwent radical surgery (radical vulvectomy or radical local excision plus bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy). In 2 cases of persistent rectal involvement, posterior pelvic exenteration was performed. Moreover, 24 of 27 patients remain with no evidence of disease to date. Toxicity was acceptable. Median age was 62 years (range, 54-72 years). Median follow-up was 49 months (range, 4-155 months). CONCLUSIONS: The use of NCH in selected groups may increase surgical feasibility in initially inoperable patients, thus favoring organ preservation and less extensive resections. Adverse reactions were acceptable, and vulvoperineal deleterious effects that may occur after radiotherapy were consequently avoided.