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1.
Nature ; 633(8029): 433-441, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39112714

RESUMO

The risk of early recurrent events after stroke remains high despite currently established secondary prevention strategies1. Risk is particularly high in patients with atherosclerosis, with more than 10% of patients experiencing early recurrent events1,2. However, despite the enormous medical burden of this clinical phenomenon, the underlying mechanisms leading to increased vascular risk and recurrent stroke are largely unknown. Here, using a novel mouse model of stroke-induced recurrent ischaemia, we show that stroke leads to activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques via an increase of circulating cell-free DNA. Enhanced plaque inflammation post-stroke results in plaque destabilization and atherothrombosis, finally leading to arterioarterial embolism and recurrent stroke within days after the index stroke. We confirm key steps of plaque destabilization also after experimental myocardial infarction and in carotid artery plaque samples from patients with acute stroke. Rapid neutrophil NETosis was identified as the main source of cell-free DNA after stroke and NET-DNA as the causative agent leading to AIM2 inflammasome activation. Neutralization of cell-free DNA by DNase treatment or inhibition of inflammasome activation reduced the rate of stroke recurrence after experimental stroke. Our findings present an explanation for the high recurrence rate after incident ischaemic events in patients with atherosclerosis. The detailed mechanisms uncovered here provide clinically uncharted therapeutic targets for which we show high efficacy to prevent recurrent events. Targeting DNA-mediated inflammasome activation after remote tissue injury represents a promising avenue for further clinical development in the prevention of early recurrent events.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamassomos , Placa Aterosclerótica , Recidiva , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Animais , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Masculino , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Aterosclerose/imunologia , Humanos , Placa Aterosclerótica/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/imunologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/metabolismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/sangue , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/metabolismo , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/genética , Feminino , Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
2.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 6750, 2024 Aug 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39117622

RESUMO

Interleukin-1α is a suggested dual-function cytokine that diverged from interleukin-1ß in mammals potentially by acquiring additional biological roles that relate to highly conserved regions in the pro-domain of interleukin-1α, including a nuclear localisation sequence and histone acetyltransferase-binding domains. Why evolution modified pro-interleukin-1α's subcellular location and protein interactome, and how this shaped interleukin-1α's intracellular role, is unknown. Here we show that TurboID proximity labelling with pro-interleukin-1α suggests a nuclear role for pro-interleukin-1α that involves interaction with histone acetyltransferases, including EP300. We also identify and validate inactivating mutations in the pro-interleukin-1α nuclear localisation sequence of multiple mammalian species, including toothed whales, castorimorpha and marsupials. However, histone acetyltransferase-binding domains are conserved in those species that have lost pro-interleukin-1α nuclear localisation. Together, these data suggest that histone acetyltransferase binding and nuclear localisation occurred together, and that while some species lost the nuclear localisation sequence in their pro-interleukin-1α, histone acetyltransferase binding ability was maintained. The nuclear localisation sequence was lost from several distinct species at different evolutionary times, suggesting convergent evolution, and that the loss of the nuclear localisation sequence confers some important biological outcome.


Assuntos
Núcleo Celular , Evolução Molecular , Interleucina-1alfa , Interleucina-1alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1alfa/genética , Animais , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/metabolismo , Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/genética , Histona Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Histona Acetiltransferases/genética , Sinais de Localização Nuclear/genética , Sinais de Localização Nuclear/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Sequência de Aminoácidos
3.
Dis Model Mech ; 17(7)2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38775430

RESUMO

Hyperinflammatory disease is associated with an aberrant immune response resulting in cytokine storm. One such instance of hyperinflammatory disease is known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The pathology of MAS can be characterised by significantly elevated serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). Given the role for IL-18 in MAS, we sought to establish the role of inflammasomes in the disease process. Using a murine model of CpG-oligonucleotide-induced MAS, we discovered that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was increased and correlated with IL-18 production. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome or the downstream caspase-1 prevented MAS-mediated upregulation of IL-18 in the plasma but, interestingly, did not alleviate key features of hyperinflammatory disease including hyperferritinaemia and splenomegaly. Furthermore blockade of IL-1 receptor with its antagonist IL-1Ra did not prevent the development of CpG-induced MAS, despite being clinically effective in the treatment of MAS. These data demonstrate that, during the development of MAS, the NLRP3 inflammasome was essential for the elevation in plasma IL-18 - a key cytokine in clinical cases of MAS - but was not a driving factor in the pathogenesis of CpG-induced MAS.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamassomos , Interleucina-18 , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Animais , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/metabolismo , Interleucina-18/sangue , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/sangue , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/patologia , Síndrome de Ativação Macrofágica/complicações , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/sangue , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo
4.
Aust Health Rev ; 48(3): 332-333, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38740039

RESUMO

The magnitude of suffering on both the Israeli and Palestinian sides of the current war is beyond comprehension. Political agendas, misinformation and bias related to the conflict are being seen far too frequently in healthcare and medical academia. We believe it is time for healthcare professionals to redirect our attention away from politics and use our medical training to advocate for peace, care, and the welfare of all people, regardless of which side of the conflict they fall into. Politics in the workplace, particularly when disseminated information is divisive and, at times, based on opinion rather than fact, risks significant harm to patients, their families, and healthcare staff, as well as to institutional reputation. If we genuinely care for the well-being of patients and staff, we must lead by example and prevent healthcare systems and medical journals from being hijacked by politics.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Política , Humanos , Árabes , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Israel , Oriente Médio , Conflitos Armados , Saúde , População do Oriente Médio
5.
Cell Rep ; 43(5): 114217, 2024 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38728141

RESUMO

While brain swelling, associated with fluid accumulation, is a known feature of pediatric cerebral malaria (CM), how fluid and macromolecules are drained from the brain during recovery from CM is unknown. Using the experimental CM (ECM) model, we show that fluid accumulation in the brain during CM is driven by vasogenic edema and not by perivascular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx. We identify that fluid and molecules are removed from the brain extremely quickly in mice with ECM to the deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLNs), predominantly through basal routes and across the cribriform plate and the nasal lymphatics. In agreement, we demonstrate that ligation of the afferent lymphatic vessels draining to the dcLNs significantly impairs fluid drainage from the brain and lowers anti-malarial drug recovery from the ECM syndrome. Collectively, our results provide insight into the pathways that coordinate recovery from CM.


Assuntos
Edema Encefálico , Malária Cerebral , Animais , Malária Cerebral/patologia , Camundongos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Vasos Linfáticos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Linfonodos/patologia , Plasmodium berghei , Feminino , Masculino
6.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38464243

RESUMO

Hyperinflammatory disease is associated with an aberrant immune response resulting in cytokine storm. One such instance of hyperinflammatory disease is known as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The pathology of MAS can be characterised by significantly elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Given the role for IL-18 in MAS, we sought to establish the role of inflammasomes in the disease process. Using a murine model of CpG-DNA induced MAS, we discovered that the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was increased and correlated with IL-18 production. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, or downstream caspase-1, prevented MAS-mediated upregulation of plasma IL-18 but interestingly did not alleviate key features of hyperinflammatory disease including hyperferritinaemia and splenomegaly. Furthermore IL-1 receptor blockade with IL-1Ra did not prevent the development of CpG-induced MAS, despite being clinically effective in the treatment of MAS. These data demonstrate that in the development of MAS, the NLRP3 inflammasome was essential for the elevation in plasma IL-18, a key cytokine in clinical cases of MAS, but was not a driving factor in the pathogenesis of CpG-induced MAS.

7.
JAMA Dermatol ; 160(3): 341-350, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324292

RESUMO

Importance: Current measures of alopecia areata (AA) severity, such as the Severity of Alopecia Tool score, do not adequately capture overall disease impact. Objective: To explore factors associated with AA severity beyond scalp hair loss, and to support the development of the Alopecia Areata Severity and Morbidity Index (ASAMI). Evidence Review: A total of 74 hair and scalp disorder specialists from multiple continents were invited to participate in an eDelphi project consisting of 3 survey rounds. The first 2 sessions took place via a text-based web application following the Delphi study design. The final round took place virtually among participants via video conferencing software on April 30, 2022. Findings: Of all invited experts, 64 completed the first survey round (global representation: Africa [4.7%], Asia [9.4%], Australia [14.1%], Europe [43.8%], North America [23.4%], and South America [4.7%]; health care setting: public [20.3%], private [28.1%], and both [51.6%]). A total of 58 specialists completed the second round, and 42 participated in the final video conference meeting. Overall, consensus was achieved in 96 of 107 questions. Several factors, independent of the Severity of Alopecia Tool score, were identified as potentially worsening AA severity outcomes. These factors included a disease duration of 12 months or more, 3 or more relapses, inadequate response to topical or systemic treatments, rapid disease progression, difficulty in cosmetically concealing hair loss, facial hair involvement (eyebrows, eyelashes, and/or beard), nail involvement, impaired quality of life, and a history of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation due to or exacerbated by AA. Consensus was reached that the Alopecia Areata Investigator Global Assessment scale adequately classified the severity of scalp hair loss. Conclusions and Relevance: This eDelphi survey study, with consensus among global experts, identified various determinants of AA severity, encompassing not only scalp hair loss but also other outcomes. These findings are expected to facilitate the development of a multicomponent severity tool that endeavors to competently measure disease impact. The findings are also anticipated to aid in identifying candidates for current and emerging systemic treatments. Future research must incorporate the perspectives of patients and the public to assign weight to the domains recognized in this project as associated with AA severity.


Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas , Humanos , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Alopecia em Áreas/diagnóstico , Consenso , Morbidade , Qualidade de Vida
8.
iScience ; 27(2): 108968, 2024 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38327788

RESUMO

Excessive or aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been implicated in the progression and initiation of many inflammatory conditions; however, currently no NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been approved for therapeutic use in the clinic. Here we have identified that the natural product brazilin effectively inhibits both priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cultured murine macrophages, a human iPSC microglial cell line and in a mouse model of acute peritoneal inflammation. Through computational modeling, we predict that brazilin can adopt a favorable binding pose within a site of the NLRP3 protein which is essential for its conformational activation. Our results not only encourage further evaluation of brazilin as a therapeutic agent for NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases, but also introduce this small-molecule as a promising scaffold structure for the development of derivative NLRP3 inhibitor compounds.

9.
Br J Dermatol ; 2023 Sep 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37681515
10.
iScience ; 26(5): 106758, 2023 May 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37216118

RESUMO

Inflammation driven by DNA sensors is now understood to be important to disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe new inhibitors of DNA sensing, primarily of the inflammasome forming sensor AIM2. Biochemistry and molecular modeling has revealed 4-sulfonic calixarenes as potent inhibitors of AIM2 that likely work by binding competitively to the DNA-binding HIN domain. Although less potent, these AIM2 inhibitors also inhibit DNA sensors cGAS and TLR9 demonstrating a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammatory responses. The 4-sulfonic calixarenes inhibited AIM2-dependent post-stroke T cell death, highlighting a proof of concept that the 4-sulfonic calixarenes could be effective at combating post-stroke immunosuppression. By extension, we propose a broad utility against DNA-driven inflammation in disease. Finally, we reveal that the drug suramin, by virtue of its structural similarities, is an inhibitor of DNA-dependent inflammation and propose that suramin could be rapidly repurposed to meet an increasing clinical need.

11.
Pediatr Neurosurg ; 58(2): 89-96, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36966536

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous virus but can lead to deleterious clinical manifestations due to its predilection for the pediatric central nervous system. Despite significant literature describing its common clinical course, it is rarely considered as a causative agent in CSF pleocytosis in the setting of craniotomy and external ventricular drainage device. Identification of a primary HHV-6 infection allowed for timely treatment with an antiviral agent along with earlier discontinuation of antibiotic regimen and expedited placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. CASE PRESENTATION: A two-year-old girl presented with 3 months of progressive gait disturbance and intranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Following craniotomy for removal of 4th ventricular pilocytic astrocytoma and decompression of hydrocephalus, she suffered a prolonged clinical course due to persistent fevers and worsening CSF leukocytosis despite multiple antibiotic regimens. The patient was admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and isolated with her parents in the intensive care unit with strict infection control measures. FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (FAME) panel ultimately detected HHV-6. Clinical confirmation of HHV-6-induced meningitis was proposed given improvement in CSF leukocytosis and fever reduction following the initiation of antiviral medications. Pathologic analysis of brain tumor tissue failed to show HHV-6 genome positivity, suggesting a primary peripheral etiology of infection. CONCLUSION: Here, we present the first known case of HHV-6 infection detected by FAME following intracranial tumor resection. We propose a modified algorithm for persistent fever of unknown origin which may decrease symptomatic sequelae, minimize additional procedures, and shorten length of ICU stay.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , COVID-19 , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Leucocitose , Pandemias , Astrocitoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Progressão da Doença , Febre/etiologia
12.
Sci Signal ; 16(773): eabm7134, 2023 02 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36809026

RESUMO

Inflammation driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome is coordinated through multiple signaling pathways and is regulated by subcellular organelles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that NLRP3 senses disrupted endosome trafficking to trigger inflammasome formation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. NLRP3-activating stimuli disrupted endosome trafficking and triggered localization of NLRP3 to vesicles positive for endolysosomal markers and for the inositol lipid PI4P. Chemical disruption of endosome trafficking sensitized macrophages to the NLRP3 activator imiquimod, driving enhanced inflammasome activation and cytokine secretion. Together, these data suggest that NLRP3 can sense disruptions in the trafficking of endosomal cargoes, which may explain in part the spatial activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These data highlight mechanisms that could be exploited in the therapeutic targeting of NLRP3.


Assuntos
Inflamassomos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo
13.
Bioorg Chem ; 132: 106362, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36657273

RESUMO

Dysregulated inflammasome activity, particularly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is associated with the development of several inflammatory diseases. The study of molecules directly targeting NLRP3 is an emerging field in the discovery of new therapeutic compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Friedelane triterpenes are biologically active phytochemicals having a wide range of activities including anti-inflammatory effects. In this work, we evaluated the potential anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic and quinonemethide nor-triterpenes (1-11) isolated from Maytenus retusa and some semisynthetic derivatives (12-16) through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. Among them, we found that triterpenes 6 and 14 were the most potent, showing markedly reduced caspase-1 activity, IL-1ß secretion (IC50 = 1.15 µM and 0.19 µM, respectively), and pyroptosis (IC50 = 2.21 µM and 0.13 µM, respectively). Further characterization confirmed their selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in both canonical and non-canonical activation pathways with no effects on AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation.


Assuntos
Inflamassomos , Triterpenos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Fenóis , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia
14.
J Health Psychol ; 28(3): 267-278, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35723168

RESUMO

Burnout is an internationally recognized occupational phenomenon that negatively impacts the healthcare workforce and its recipients. The aim of this pilot study was to test whether positive reinforcement and integrating a language of support among co-workers can enhance resiliency, facilitate psychological wellness, and encourage hope. This embedded mixed methods prospective, behavioral, interventional study evaluated the effects of positive feedback on wellness among intensive care unit clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center, quaternary care medical center. The deliberate positive feedback paradigm has the potential to augment resiliency and improve attitudes toward a teamwork climate. The routine use of deliberate positivity may represent a scalable, low-cost initiative to enhance wellness in a healthcare organization.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Reforço Psicológico , Comunicação
16.
Infect Dis Clin Microbiol ; 5(3): 251-256, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38633560

RESUMO

A retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) in early childhood is not uncommon due to at-risk lymph nodes in this deep neck space and is typified by fever, odynophagia, and a constellation of respiratory manifestations. However, RPA is exceedingly rare in the neonatal subpopulation and not part of the usual differential diagnosis algorithm in this age range. Herein, we present a unique case of a previously healthy 5-week-old male infant with protracted "congestion" and difficulty in oral feeding, whose clinical course is confounded by intermittent, positional bradycardia and subsequent apnea. He was eventually diagnosed with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) RPA, leading to concurrent vascular and airways compromise in the form of baroreceptor-mediated bradycardia from mass-effect carotid body compression. This clinical case is an important reminder that any infant with positional vital sign changes should prompt urgent and thorough investigation for extraordinary and otherwise uncommon pathophysiologic states. The case also highlights the power of multidisciplinary collaboration across multiple specialties and parental advocacy in unifying a diagnosis for rare pediatric illnesses.

17.
Glia ; 70(6): 1068-1083, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35150591

RESUMO

Microglia, resident brain immune cells, are critical in orchestrating responses to central nervous system (CNS) injury. Many microglial functions, such as phagocytosis, motility and chemotaxis, are suggested to rely on chloride channels, including the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), but studies to date have relied on the use of pharmacological tools with limited specificity. VRAC has also been proposed as a drug target for acute CNS injury, and its role in microglial function is of considerable interest for developing CNS therapeutics. This study aimed to definitively confirm the contribution of VRAC in microglia function by using conditional LRRC8A-knockout mice, which lacked the essential VRAC subunit LRRC8A in microglia. We demonstrated that while VRAC contributed to cell volume regulation, it had no effect on phagocytic activity, cell migration or P2YR12-dependent chemotaxis. Moreover, loss of microglial VRAC did not affect microglial morphology or the extent of ischemic damage following stroke. We conclude that VRAC does not critically regulate microglial responses to brain injury and could be targetable in other CNS cell types (e.g., astrocytes) without impeding microglial function. Our results also demonstrate a role for VRAC in cell volume regulation but show that VRAC is not involved in several major cellular functions that it was previously thought to regulate, and point to other, alternative mechanisms of chloride transport in innate immunity.


Assuntos
Microglia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Animais , Tamanho Celular , Transporte de Íons , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microglia/metabolismo
18.
Immunology ; 165(4): 460-480, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35137954

RESUMO

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that regulates caspase-1 activation and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18 release from innate immune cells in response to infection or injury. Derivatives of the metabolites itaconate and fumarate, dimethyl itaconate (DMI), 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) limit both expression and release of IL-1ß following NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the direct effects of these metabolite derivatives on NLRP3 inflammasome responses require further investigation. Using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, mixed glia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), we demonstrate that DMI, 4OI and DMF pretreatments inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as inhibit subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by nigericin. DMI, 4OI, DMF and monomethyl fumarate (MMF), another fumarate derivative, also directly inhibited biochemical markers of NLRP3 activation in LPS-primed macrophages, mixed glia, OHSCs and human macrophages in response to nigericin and imiquimod, including ASC speck formation, caspase-1 activation, gasdermin D cleavage and IL-1ß release. DMF, an approved treatment of multiple sclerosis, as well as DMI, 4OI and MMF, inhibited NLRP3 activation in macrophages in response to lysophosphatidylcholine, which is used to induce demyelination, suggesting a possible mechanism for DMF in multiple sclerosis through NLRP3 inhibition. The derivatives also reduced pro-IL-1α cleavage in response to the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Together, these findings reveal the immunometabolic regulation of both the priming and activation steps of NLRP3 activation in macrophages. Furthermore, we highlight itaconate and fumarate derivatives as potential therapeutic options in NLRP3- and IL-1α-driven diseases, including in the brain.


Assuntos
Inflamassomos , Esclerose Múltipla , Animais , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Caspases/metabolismo , Fumaratos/metabolismo , Fumaratos/farmacologia , Humanos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Nigericina/farmacologia , Succinatos
19.
J Vasc Access ; 23(3): 348-352, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33541202

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pandemics create challenges for medical centers, which call for innovative adaptations to care for patients during the unusually high census, to distribute stress and work hours among providers, to reduce the likelihood of transmission to health care workers, and to maximize resource utilization. METHODS: We describe a multidisciplinary vascular access team's development to improve frontline providers' workflow by placing central venous and arterial catheters. Herein we describe the development, organization, and processes resulting in the rapid formation and deployment of this team, reporting on notable clinical issues encountered, which might serve as a basis for future quality improvement and investigation. We describe a retrospective, single-center descriptive study in a large, quaternary academic medical center in a major city. The COVID-19 vascular access team included physicians with specialized experience in placing invasive catheters and whose usual clinical schedule had been lessened through deferment of elective cases. The target population included patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in the medical ICU (MICU) needing invasive catheter placement. The line team placed all invasive catheters on patients in the MICU with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Primary data collected were the number and type of catheters placed, time of team member exposure to potentially infected patients, and any complications over the first three weeks. Secondary outcomes pertained to workflow enhancement and quality improvement. 145 invasive catheters were placed on 67 patients. Of these 67 patients, 90% received arterial catheters, 64% central venous catheters, and 25% hemodialysis catheters. None of the central venous catheterizations or hemodialysis catheters were associated with early complications. Arterial line malfunction due to thrombosis was the most frequent complication. Division of labor through specialized expert procedural teams is feasible during a pandemic and offloads frontline providers while potentially conferring safety benefits.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Estado Terminal , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos
20.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc ; 11(1): 28-30, 2022 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34346501

RESUMO

Dog bites remain a common occurrence in our society, particularly in toddlers and small children under the age of 2. Injuries to the head and face, more common in younger children, can often lead to significant morbidity. Additionally, there continues to be considerable clinical equipoise for standardized post-dog bite injury management. Here, we present the only reported pediatric case in the literature of Mycoplasma canis-associated central nervous system (CNS) infection in an 11-month-old infant who sustained a dog bite to the calvarium. The prevalence of dog bites during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had interestingly tripled in number after stay-at-home orders in 1 particular pediatric emergency department in Colorado. This observation paired with advances in microbiological identification like MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer) may lead to the identification of future cases of uniquely canine pathogens that play a role in human infection.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central , Criança , Cães , Humanos , Mycoplasma , SARS-CoV-2 , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz
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