[Changes in phospholipids of the brain grey and white matter during in vitro autolysis in rats subjected to acute hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia]. / Izmeneniia fosfolipidov serogo i belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga krys v protsesse autoliza in vitro pod vliianiem ostroi gipobaricheskoi gipoksicheskoi gipoksii.

The development of autolysis in grey brain matter of albino rats was accompanied by desintegration of aminophospholipids with parallel increase of glycerophosphates (GLP) and phosphatidic acids (PA) on early stages of incubation and lysophospholipids (LPL) on later stages. Acute hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia decreased the level of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) with simultaneous accumulation of PA. Previous hypoxia altered the character of autolytic reorganizations of phospholipids. Oscillatory reciprocal reorganizations in the system PE > PS (phosphatidylserine) were observed at early stage (1 h) and at late stages of autolysis (24 h). At the same time increased transformation of phosphatidylcholines (PC) into sphingomyelins (SM) with simultaneous accumulation GLP was registered. During autolysis of brain white matter of control rats opposite oscillatory reorganizations of PE, PC, SM, PA with reduction of PE and simultaneous increase of LPL and PA level after 1 hour of incubation were observed. Reciprocal reactions of biotransformation in system PS > PE were revealed at 4th hour. Previous hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia reduced the level of total phospholipids as well as PS at simultaneous increase of LPL. Acute hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia increased autolytic transformations in system PC > SM and induced hydrolysis of PE, PC into LPL at late stages of autolysis.

[Changes in lipid components of the rat brain gray matter caused Ca(2+) ions in postmortem autolysis in vitro]. / Izmeneniia lipidnogo komponenta serogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga krys pri vozdeistvii ionov Ca(2+) v dinamike posmertnogo autoliza in vitro.

The influence of exogenous ions Ca2+ on the autholytic alterations of lipids in the brain grey matter of rats was investigated during incubation in a sterile physiological solution in vitro. The level of phospholipids decreased with parallel accumulation of diacylglycerols and free fatty acids. The contents of cholesterol and its esters varied in reciprocal oscillatory mode with prevalence of the disintegration of cholesterol esters started after 4 hrs of autholysis and further. The most probable degradation reactions of phospholipids and also cholesterol esters were the hydrolytic reactions. Transacylation reactions of between phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters were also possible. The presence of exogenous Ca2+ ions in the incubation medium promoted decrease of the total lipid grey matter. This effect was noted 10 min after onset of autolysis and continued up to 24 h. The reduction of lipid concentration occurred due to the decrease of phospholipid level and to a lesser extent--to the cholesterol level.

Phospholipid composition of granulation and fibrous tissues in rats after local application of melatonin.

We studied the effect of melatonin applied locally in doses of 1.5 and 15 mg/ml on the phospholipid composition of granulation and fibrous tissues in rats at various stages of regeneration. Melatonin (especially in a dose of 1.5 mg/ml) increased the total phospholipid content on day 8 of regeneration, which was primarily related to accumulation of ethanolamine- and serine-containing fractions. Melatonin in a dose of 15 mg/ml increased the concentration of choline-containing fractions on day 5 of regeneration.

[Effect of parenteral administration of melatonin on the biochemical composition of the rat granulation tissue]. / Vliianie parenteral'nogo vvedeniia melatonina na biokhimicheskii sostav granuliatsionno-fibroznoi tkani krys.

The influence of long term parenteral melatonin administration on the biochemical composition of granulation tissue of surgical wounds in rats during healing was investigated. Physiological solution and solutions containing various concentrations of melatonin were subcutaneously injected to the animals within 3 weeks. Control and injected animals were wounded. Samples of gramilation tissue were investigated on the 5-th and the 8-th day of healing. The contents of oxyprolin, uronic acids, hexosamines, total lipids and their fractions, fractional composition of glycosaminoglicans and proteins composition of salt extracts were determined in the se samples. Repeated injections during three weeks caused the changes in biochemical composition of researched samples which were characteristic for stressful reaction of connective tissue. The specific changes are most expressed at long term introduction of a physiological solution to animals. The introduction of melatonin during similar period cansed protective effect, partially defending biochemical composition of granulation tissue from changes, which were induced by stressful situation.

[The effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on the autolytic changes in lipids of the gray and white substance of white rats]. / Vliianie ostroi giperbaricheskoi gopoksii na autoliticheskie izmeneniia lipidov serogo i belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga belykh krys.

Effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia (1:30 hrs. at 190-200 mm Hg) on the autolytic changes in lipids of the gray and white substance of the brain were evaluated in an experiment with white rats. Total lipids (TL) in the autolysing segments of the brain of rats sacrificed immediately following the end of hypoxia were noticed to undulate downward starting from minute 10 of incubation, whereas in the gray substance an insignificant TL loss occurred no earlier than in 4 hrs. with return to baseline values by the end of the observation (in 24 hrs.). Hypobaric hypoxia materially reduces phospholipids (PL) in these sections of the brain typically following 24 hrs. of autolysis with concomitant buildup of diglycerides (DG) and free fatty acids (FFA), and triglycerides (TG) in the white substance. There was also evidence of cholesterol (Ch) reduction both in the gray and white substances paralleled by buildup of cholesterol ethers (ChE) in the gray substance. However, after 24-hr incubation in the autolysing brain structures the total cholesterol displayed a strong trend upward. It is presumed that pre-exposure to hypobaric hypoxia enhances not only the hydrolytic PL degradation in the course of autolysis but also activates the transacylation-type rearrangements within the PL-DG-TG and PL-Ch-ChE in the white and gray substance of rat's brain.

[Lipid parameters of the skin, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata during immersion stress in rats]. / Lipidnye pokazateli kozhi, mozzhechka i prodolgovatogo mozga pri vodno-immersionnom stress u krys.

The influence of short-form water immersion stress of rats on lipids in the skin, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata was studied. The level of total lipids and absolute and relative contents of the main lipid fractions (phospholipids, nonesterified cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters) were measured. Stress induced delayed changes of the lipid component of the skin. The first significant changes of lipid fractions were only observed 20 h later after the stress procedure. These changes were retained (being at nearly constant levels) till the end of the second day. The decrease in contents of total lipids and esterified cholesterol was revealed in the cerebellum of stressed rats (in comparison to these levels in control rats). These results suggest the involvement of cholesterol metabolic system in the stress reaction. The content of total lipids decreased also in the medulla oblongata. However, levels of the main lipid fractions changed differently. The content of diglycerides increased and the content of cholesterol decreased. The data obtained suggest that degradation of triglycerides is the principle pathway of metabolic conversions of lipids. Free fatty acids formed during these processes are probably involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol esters. The data indicate absolutely different mechanisms of interrelations between individual lipid fractions in the brain regions studied. Various roles of the brain structures in the stress response of the body may account for the differences revealed.

[Effect of bovine serum albumin on the character of autolytic changes in the lipid component of rat gray and white brain matter in vitro]. / Vliianie bych'ego syvorotochnogo al'bumina na kharakter autoliticheskikh izmenenii lipidnogo komponenta tkani serogo i belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga krys in vitro.

The influence of cytoprotecting concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the autolytic alterations of rat brain white and grey matters in the physiological solution containing was investigated, In the autolysed grey matter exogenous BSA prevents the decomposition of phospholipids and the gaining the free fatty acids up to 1 hr of incubation and increased the content of cholesterol esters at the 4th and 24th hrs of autolysis BSA increased the phospholipids breakdown at the late stages of autolysis (24 hrs). On the contrary, BSA activated the phospholipids break down in the white matter already at the early periods of incubation (10 mins). It also altered the character of cholesterol and esters pendulous interactions on the opposite one, promoting the significant increase of the latters, especially at the 10th min and 4th hr of the autolysis.

[Changes in ATPase activity in tissues and mitochondria of some steroid-producing rat organs during autolysis]. / Izmeneniia atfaznoi aktivnosti takni i mitokhondrii nekotorykh steroidprodutsiruiushchikh organov krys pri autolize.

The activity of Mg(2+)-ATPase was studied in the tissues, homogenates, specimens of rat spermatic and adrenal glands during postmortem autolysis. The initial enzymatic activity was 2-fold higher in adrenal tissue, homogenate and mitochondria than in spermatic ones. As autolysis proceeded in the tissue and homogenate of the adrenal and spermatic glands, and spermatic mitochondria, the ATPase activity was drastically decreased, by disappearing completely at hour 24 of autolysis. At the same time, the enzyme from adrenal mitochondria exhibited a higher stability. Of great importance for this can be rearrangements in the phospholipid profile of the corresponding membranous structures, as well as hormonal factors.

[Changes in phospholipids in the gray and white matter of the rat brain during postmortem autolysis dynamics]. / Izmeneniia fosfolipidov serogo i belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga krys v dinamike posmertnogo autoliza.

Content of total phospholipids and their individual fractions, studied in rat brain grey and white substances during postmortal autolysis, was distinctly and dissimilarly altered in these tissues and the rate of alterations depended on time of incubation. Relative content of phosphatidyl serines + sphingomyelins, phosphatidic acids + polyglycerophosphatides in grey substance as well as of phosphatidylinositides, phosphatidic acids + polyglycerophosphatides in white substance were increased, while phosphatidylinosidtides in grey substance and phosphatidyl serines + sphingomyelins in white substance were decreased within later (4 and 24 hrs) periods of autolysis. Content of phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamines, glycerophosphates and lysophospholipids was also dissimilarly altered in brain grey and white substances both within early and later periods of autolysis. The schemes of metabolic interrelations between phospholipids of rat brain grey and white substances during autolysis are considered involving hydrolase, transferase and other reactions of lipids biotransformation. This multiple complex of biochemical reactions may be among the reasons responsible for dissimilar and time-dependent deteriorations of individual brain structures after death.

[Synaptic membrane lipids from rat brain during autolysis]. / Lipidy sinapticheskikh membran golovnogo mozga krys pri autolize.

Content of total lipids, phospholipids and total protein was decreased in rat brain synaptic membranes during autolysis within 1 h and 24 hrs at 37 degrees in the medium used for isolation of the membranes. Within early steps of autolysis (1 h), total lipids and phospholipids were only slightly altered, while a decrease in the concentrations of phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamines and cholesterol was found simultaneously increased in relation to the content of lysophospholipids, phosphatidyl serines+sphingomyelins, cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols and free fatty acids. Within later periods of autolysis (24 hrs) the further dissimilar decrease was observed in relative content of phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamines, phosphatidyl serines+sphingomyelins with synchronous increase in the level of glycerophosphates, lysophospholipids, phosphatidic acid+polyglycerophosphatides, cholesterol esters; occurrence of diacylglycerols was detected. Possible mechanisms (involving hydrolase, transacylase reactions) of alterations observed in lipids from synaptic membranes during autolysis are discussed. Modern experimental technique appears to be useful in order to gain insight into molecular mechanisms of brain death and the postmortal loss of information.

[An ultramicro method for determining pyrophosphatase using malachite green B]. / Ul'tramikrometod opredeleniia pirofosfatazy s pomoshch'iu malakhitovogo zelenogo B.

A modified sensitive micromethod is described for estimation of pyrophosphatase activity both in homogenate and suspensions of nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of rat liver tissue using a kit of reagents containing malachite green B. The analysis may be carried out in the preparation containing only 0.2 mg of biological material; the procedure is reproducible, rapid and allows to the requisite amount of reagents to be decreased. The activity of pyrophosphatase in homogenate, nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of rat liver tissue was higher at acid pH values as compared with that in the neutral medium; the highest enzymatic activity was detected in the nuclear fraction.

[Features of autolytic restructuring of lipids in plasma, serum, and blood clots]. / Ob osobennostiakh autoliticheskikh perestroek lipidov plazmy, syvorotkii sgusta krovi.

Quantitative composition and amount of main lipid fractions were studied by means of microthin-layer chromatography in blood clot free of cell elements, in blood serum and plasma obtained from volunteers as well as their alterations were estimated in dynamics of autolysis. Dissimilar alterations were detected in total lipids and their individual fractions in the preparations studied. Under conditions of incubation the lipid component was found to be highly labile in blood plasma and serum, where total content of lipids was distinctly decreased, while the lipids content was not considerably altered in blood clot. Content of phospholipids was most distinctly decreased with simultaneous accumulation of free fatty acids in all the preparations studied. The most considerable transformations were observed within early steps of autolysis. Dissimilar composition and activity of the enzymatic systems involved in biodegradation and biotransformation of lipid components as well as specific metabolic relations between lipids may be responsible for these differences in the type and rate of autolytic transformations of lipid components in blood plasma, serum and clot.

[Lipids from gray and white rat brain matter in autolysis]. / Lipidy serogo i belogo veshchestva golovnogo mozga krys pri autolize.

A decrease in relative content of phospholipids and cholesterol simultaneously with increase in cholesterol esters and free fatty acids were detected in tissues of rat brain gray and white matters during autolysis at 37 degrees within 6-7 min, 1, 4 and 24 hrs; the most distinct alterations were observed in lipids of the gray matter especially at early (6-7 min) and late (24 hrs) stages of autolysis. In the gray matter, relative content of all the lipid fractions studied was restored to initial level within 4 hrs of incubation. In the white matter, during autolysis the content of cholesterol varied, the content of phospholipids was only slightly increased, while the level of free fatty acids was increased only at 24 hrs of incubation with synchronous decrease in content of triacylglycerols, cholesterol and, partially, phospholipids. These experimental data are of importance in resuscitation. Both common and dissimilar mechanisms of these lipid alterations are discussed. Not only the complex of hydrolase reactions but also that of transacylase and other reactions, involved in the degradation and biotransformation of brain lipids in autolysis, were noted.

[Determination of cholesterol esterase activity using micro-thin layer chromatography]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti khoesterolesteraz s primeneniem mikrotonkosloinoi khromatografii.

A procedure is developed for estimation of the cholinesterase activity in biological materials immediately on the plates for micro-thin-layer chromatography using a chamber of original construction. The procedure involved incubation of cholesterol esters, used as substrates and biological materials containing the enzyme, directly on the chromatographic plates in the chamber and the subsequent chromatography of the hydrolysis products. The enzymatic activity was calculated on the basis of the decrease in the substrate content per min per mg of protein. The procedure is simple, convenient; it allows to vary the incubation time and to estimate the enzymatic activity in minimal samples of the biological material using only small amounts of reagents.

[Changes in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes during succinate oxidase reaction]. / Izmenenie lipidnogo sostava membran mitokhondrii v khode suktsinat-oksidaznoi reaktsii.

Content of lipids, free cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and fatty acid composition were studied in mitochondria incubated in samples containing succinate. Induction of lipid peroxidation, production of malonic dialdehyde and alterations in membranes fluidity were not detected in the preparations of mitochondria within 3 hrs of succinate oxidation. Self-inactivation of mitochondria appears to occur due to an increased uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

[Comparative microanalysis of lipids in various components of the hemostasis system]. / Sravnitel'nyi mikroanaliz lipidov nekotorykh komponentov sistemy gemostaza.

Lipid composition was studied in blood plasma, blood serum and blood clot of healthy persons and of patients with chronic unspecific lung impairments. Similar lipid composition was detected in blood clot (free of cells) and in blood plasma or blood serum where phospholipids and free fatty acids prevailed and constituted about a half of the total lipids content. During formation of blood clot a part of blood plasma lipids was transferred to the clot. Phospholipids and free fatty acids were mainly detected in the blood clot of healthy persons, while in patients with chronic unspecific lungs impairments triglycerides were also detected in the clot. Alterations in lipid composition of blood clot were most informative in patients with chronic unspecific lungs impairments as compared with blood serum and plasma, which might be used for diagnosis of the impairments studied.

[Biodegradation of lipids in ultrastructures of the rat liver during autolysis]. / Biodegradatsiia lipidov ul'trastruktur kletok pecheni krys pri autolize.

Dynamics of various lipids turnover was studied in ultrastructures of rat liver cells within various periods of autolysis in vitro. Under conditions of autolysis the lipid component in isolated liver cell ultrastructures was dissimilarly altered; the type of these alterations depended apparently on presence of corresponding acyl hydrolases, transacylases, lipoprotein lipases activated within various periods of autolysis.