Efficacy of lasalocid against coccidiosis in Chinese ring-necked pheasants.

Two battery efficacy studies were conducted with field isolates of Eimeria spp. from outbreaks of coccidiosis on pheasant-rearing farms in Georgia (GA) and Illinois (IL), United States. The coccidian isolates were mixed species containing E. phasiani, E duodenalis, and E colchici. Lasalocid (LAS) was tested prophylactically at 120 parts per million (ppm) in the feed. Anticoccidial activity was assessed, in comparisons between infected and uninfected control birds, by the effects on weight gain and oocyst passage. The GA isolate reduced weight gain of infected controls by 64% (P < 0.05) during the week after inoculation. LAS-treated birds also suffered some depressed gain, but average gains were significantly improved (P < 0.05) in comparison with that of the infected controls. Fecal oocyst counts of infected controls averaged 10-24 x 10(6)/day for days 5-11 postinoculation (PI), after which oocyst passage declined. Birds given LAS passed 10-20 x 10(6) oocysts on days 5-6 PI, after which counts dropped to much lower levels. Oocyst passage was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by LAS treatment on all but days 5 and 6 PI. The IL isolate reduced weight gain by 36% in infected controls, relative to uninfected controls (P < 0.05). LAS-treated birds also suffered reduced gain, but the gain was significantly improved in comparison with the infected controls. Oocyst counts averaged 3-9 x 10(6)/day on days 6-14 PI, but were significantly reduced by LAS treatment on all but day 6 PI. Thus, LAS was effective in pheasants against the tested field isolates of Eimeria spp. and was well tolerated at 120 ppm in the feed. However, the level of control was not as high as previously observed. Possible explanations for this difference include an emergence of drug resistance from prior use of LAS and a differential efficacy of LAS against different species of Eimeria used in the studies.

Test of a mediated performance-turnover relationship highlighting the moderating roles of visibility and reward contingency.

Despite the importance of understanding the conditions under which high performing employees are more likely or less likely to voluntarily leave an organization, the nature of the relationship between job performance and voluntary turnover has proven to be elusive. A model of the performance-turnover relationship that highlights important moderators and mediators is proposed and tested. Data consisted of organizational performance and turnover records and survey responses for 130 employees of a medical services organization. Results indicate that visibility and reward contingencies moderate performance relationships with alternatives and job satisfaction, respectively, and that performance may influence turnover through multiple mechanisms.

Interviewer predictions of applicant qualifications and interviewer validity: aggregate and individual analyses.

The relative effects of varied interviewee cues on line managers' hiring decisions were examined, as was the relative predictability of various criteria by line managers' interview impressions. Aggregate and individual regression analyses revealed that 3 nursing directors' impressions of 186 nursing applicants shaped their hiring recommendations more than did the applicants' resume credentials. Moreover, managers' interview impressions significantly predicted employees' job attitudes, though predictions of attitudes did not exceed predictions of performance. Finally, individual managers based hiring decisions on different interview impressions, and these impressions forecast employees' job attitudes with differential validity. Implications for future interviewing research are discussed.

Correlation of immunological studies and disease progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.

Thirty untreated patients with clinically definite chronic progressive multiple sclerosis were matched with 10 patients with clinically stable definite multiple sclerosis and 16 patients with other neurological diseases. A group of 12 normal control (NC) volunteers was matched to these groups. All patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis and normal control subjects were analyzed for the concanavalin A suppressor assay, mitogen stimulation, and phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, serum was analyzed for interleukin-2 levels. Results of mitogen stimulation studies did not distinguish the groups. Concanavalin A-induced suppression was significantly decreased in the patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (p less than 0.01). Phenotyping of fresh cells showed an elevated CD4: CD8 ratio in the patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Neither phenotyping nor concanavalin A-induced suppression correlated with or predicted the degree of disability, but the serum levels of interleukin-2 correlated inversely with disability (p less than 0.01) and directly with a poor prognosis after 18 months of observation (p less than 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-2 decreased as the disease progressed.

Some Multivariate Comparisons of Multinational Managers.

The present study examined different methods for clustering of nations. Organizational attitudes and perceptions of 1,768 managers from 15 Western nations employed by a multinational corporation were surveyed. Divergent results were found and are discussed in terms of reconciling these differences, the need for additional research comparing competitive and alternative interpretations of Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), and the use of independent methods (e.g., cluster analysis).

The validity of Mobley's (1977) model of employee turnover.

Unlike earlier tests of an oversimplified version of this model, the validity of W. Mobley's (1977, Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 237-240) original turnover model was fully investigated. Constructs that were neglected in prior studies were assessed and previously examined constructs were operationalized with more reliable measures. Measures of all constructs in Mobley's model were obtained from a survey of 192 hospital employees. Turnover data were collected a year following survey administration. Following the theoretical causal ordering of Mobley's constructs, each construct was regressed on all causally prior constructs. In general, each construct was accurately predicted by the linear combination of predictors representing its causal determinants. In the majority of instances, the best predictor of a model construct was the construct's immediate causal antecedent. Further, an alternative model was evaluated and compared with Mobley's model using path analysis.