Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related sexual assault among university students.

This study examined the psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related sexual assault. Undergraduate students (N = 551) were recruited to complete a web-based survey. The outcome was a composite of 2 items: "experienced an unwanted sexual advance" or "was the victim of sexual assault or date rape" as a result of another's alcohol use. The predictors were substance use, other alcohol-related interpersonal violence victimization, and alcohol-related protective behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Females reported higher prevalence of alcohol-related sexual assault than did males (20.4% vs. 6.6%). Females who reported binge drinking (OR = 7.74) and other alcohol-related interpersonal violence (OR = 5.03) were more likely to report alcohol-related sexual assault whereas only other alcohol-related interpersonal violence was associated with alcohol-related sexual assault (OR = 43.75) among males. The findings suggest that alcohol-related sexual assault is associated with other risk factors that deserve further attention through longitudinal research and intervention efforts.

Review of Clinical Trials Testing the Effectiveness of Physician Intervention Approaches to Prevention Alcohol-Related Problems in Adolescent Outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Conduct a review of clinical trials to identify effective approaches for improving physician provision of alcohol education and counseling services among outpatient adolescents. METHODS: Reviewed all peer-reviewed, published clinical trials identified through computerized searches evaluating alcohol education and counseling services to outpatient adolescents by physicians. RESULTS: Three trials were identified examining changes in physician provision of alcohol education and counseling services. One of the trials resulted in increased adolescent self-reported refusal skills, while another trial resulted in reduction of adolescent self-reported alcohol use and binge drinking. Seven trials were identified that compared physician with non-physician provision of alcohol education and counseling services. Four of the trials showed some reduction in adolescent self-reported alcohol use. CONCLUSION: Trials indicate that further reduction in adolescent alcohol use is possible with non-physicians as interventionists and perhaps physicians as interventionists, if physicians are supported by patient counseling guides and resources. Opportunities for personalized, interactive adolescent education with goal setting appears key to intervention success. The physician role that is tested in most trials is confined to a single brief encounter with little attention to: development of physician skills, systems-level resources, the parental role, or the impact of incorporating prevention into an ongoing adolescent-physician relationship.

Review of Clinical Trials Testing the Effectiveness of Clinician Intervention Approaches to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescent Outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Identify approaches for improving clinician provision of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) prevention services among outpatient adolescents. METHODS: Reviewed all peer-reviewed, published clinical trials identified through computerized searches (MEDLINE, PsychINFO) evaluating STD prevention services to outpatient adolescents by clinicians. RESULTS: Five trials were identified examining changes in clinician provision of STD prevention services. Two of these trials resulted in adolescent self-reported risk reduction but neither of these trials effectively demonstrated reductions in objectively measured STD incidence. Nine clinical trials were identified that compared clinician with non-clinician provision of STD prevention services. Four of these trials resulted in adolescent self-reported risk reduction, and one of these trials demonstrated a reduction in objectively measured STD incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Trials indicate that improvement in outpatient adolescent STD incidence is possible with non-clinicians as interventionists, and perhaps clinicians as interventionists if clinicians are supported by other educational resources. Opportunities for personalized, interactive adolescent education appears key to intervention success. The clinician role that is tested in most trials is confined to a single brief encounter with little attention to: development of clinician skills, quality of psychosexual risk assessment and tailoring to meet individual adolescent need, systems-level resources and supports, the parental role, or the impact of incorporating prevention into an ongoing adolescent-clinician relationship.