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1.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 6(4)2017 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29143759

RESUMO

This overview was directed towards understanding the relationship of brain functions with dietary choices mainly by older humans. This included food color, flavor, and aroma, as they relate to dietary sufficiency or the association of antioxidants with neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Impairment of olfactory and gustatory function in relation to these diseases was also explored. The role of functional foods was considered as a potential treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase as well as similar treatments based on herbs, spices and antioxidants therein. The importance of antioxidants for maintaining the physiological functions of liver, kidney, digestive system, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer has also been highlighted. Detailed discussion was focused on health promotion of the older person through the frequency and patterns of dietary intake, and a human ecology framework to estimate adverse risk factors for health. Finally, the role of the food industry, mass media, and apps were explored for today's new older person generation.

3.
Diseases ; 4(3)2016 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28933408

RESUMO

Mediterranean-style diets caused a significant decline in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in early landmark studies. The effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation showed that there was a significant reduction in oxidative stress in the intervention group (Mediterranean diet + Virgin Olive Oil) compared to the low-fat diet group. Conversely, the increase in oxidative stress causing inflammation is a unifying hypothesis for predisposing people to atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis, and osteoporosis. The impact of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the interventive mechanisms for the inhibition of proliferation, inflammation, invasion, metastasis, and activation of apoptosis were explored. Following the Great Oxygen Event some 2.3 billion years ago, organisms have needed antioxidants to survive. Natural products in food preservatives are preferable to synthetic compounds due to their lower volatility and stability and generally higher antioxidant potential. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, pro-oxidants and inflammation are described with examples of free radical damage based on the hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Flavonoid antioxidants with 2- or 3-phenylchroman structures such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin, constituents of fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine, which may reduce coronary disease and cancer, are described. The protective effect of flavonoids on the DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals through chelation is an important mechanism, though the converse may be possible, e.g., quercetin. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids, which are dietary natural pigments, have been studied in relation to breast cancer risk and an inverse association was found with plasma concentrations: higher levels mean lower risk. The manipulation of primary and secondary human metabolomes derived especially from existing or transformed gut microbiota was explored as a possible alternative to single-agent dietary interventions for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Sustained oxidative stress leading to inflammation and thence to possibly to cancer and cardiovascular disease is described for spices and herbs, using curcumin as an example of an intervention, based on activation of transcription factors which suggest that oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked.

4.
Springerplus ; 2(1): 241, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23741657

RESUMO

We previously described a menstrual heat cycle of the breast in four groups of women (healthy, family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease, 'cancer-associated') who wore a thermometric brassiere (Chronobra). We now ask if 'breast minus oral temperature', indicating 'breast-associated vascularity', could be associated with breast cancer cell vascular access around different aspects of the menstrual cycle rhythm and survival. Thirty-six pre-menopausal breast cancer patients (average age: 38.97 y) were enrolled consecutively over 15 y and followed for more than 22 y after surgery in order to compare survival and peri-operative vascularity. Each subject wore the Chronobra, which provides an internal bioassay of the vascularity of both breasts, including the operated breast, during 1 h each evening at home for one menstrual cycle, and collected saliva for "free" progesterone to confirm pre-menopausal status and ovulation. Sixty-five healthy age-matched pre-menopausal women served as controls. Both oral and breast temperatures revealed menstrual cycle oscillations, rising just before ovulation until menses onset. Breast-adjusted vascularity also showed menstrual cycle oscillations, with levels differing significantly between the 3 groups during the luteal phase only. At the end of the follow-up span, 18 post-operative breast cancer patients had died from "disseminated" breast cancer and 18 were alive and well. Median follow-up time was 22.6 y for survivors, 6.2 y for non-survivors, and 21.0 y for controls (3 died from diseases unrelated to breast cancer). Based on 'during luteal-phase breast-adjusted vascularity', breast cancer survivors (mean ± SD: -1.65 ± 0.23°C) were significantly hypo-vascular (i.e., -0.23°C cooler) compared with controls (-1.42 ± 0.09°C), while non-survivors (-1.25 ± 0.12°C) were highly significantly hyper-vascular compared with survivors (+0.41°C warmer) and controls (+0.23°C warmer). This suggests that in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients, peri-operative mammary vascularity could offer an outcome test of survival and biologically may be on the "final common pathway" of any tumor to metastatic risk and recurrence.

5.
Photochem Photobiol ; 89(5): 1020-8, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23611516

RESUMO

The photochemical and thermal reactivity of a number of acyl azide-substituted pyridine compounds, namely nicotinyl azide, isonicotinyl azide, picolinyl azide and dinicotinyl azide with investigated as saturated monolayers on a single-crystal Pt(111) surface in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. Multilayers of the substrates exhibited a maximum rate of desorption at 270 K, above which, stable saturated monolayers formed as characterized by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy by observation of C=O and N3 bands at 1700 cm(-1), and 2100 and 1300 cm(-1) respectively. The monolayers were stable up to 400 K. Photolysis of the monolayer (or heating above 400 K) results in the formation of the respective isocyanate intermediate after loss of nitrogen as evidenced by the appearance of a new infrared band at 2260 cm(-1) with concomitant loss of the azide bands. The resulting isocyanate saturated monolayer is stable in absence of nucleophiles, but can be quenched with appropriate nucleophiles.

6.
Oncotarget ; 3(8): 843-53, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22918178

RESUMO

Identifying cancer-specific biomarkers represents an ongoing challenge to the development of novel cancer diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Cancer/testis (CT) genes are an important gene family with expression tightly restricted to the testis in normal individuals but which can also be activated in cancers. Here we develop a pipeline to identify new CT genes. We analysed and validated expression profiles of human meiotic genes in normal and cancerous tissue followed by meta-analyses of clinical data sets from a range of tumour types resulting in the identification of a large cohort of highly specific cancer biomarker genes, including the recombination hot spot activator PRDM9 and the meiotic cohesin genes SMC1beta and RAD21L. These genes not only provide excellent cancer biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostics, but may serve as oncogenes and have excellent drug targeting potential.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Genes Neoplásicos , Meiose/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Testículo
7.
Atherosclerosis ; 207(1): 131-8, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19464685

RESUMO

It has previously been shown that experimental infections of the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the adult worms of which reside in the blood stream of the mammalian host, significantly reduced atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice. These effects occurred in tandem with a lowering of serum total cholesterol levels in both apoE(-/-) and random-bred laboratory mice and a beneficial increase in the proportion of HDL to LDL cholesterol. To better understand how the parasitic infections induce these effects we have here investigated the involvement of adult worms and their eggs on lipids in the host. Our results indicate that the serum cholesterol-lowering effect is mediated by factors released from S. mansoni eggs, while the presence of adult worms seemed to have had little or no effect. It was also observed that high levels of lipids, particularly triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters, present in the uninfected livers of both random-bred and apoE(-/-)mice fed a high-fat diet were not present in livers of the schistosome-infected mice.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Colesterol/sangue , Proteínas do Ovo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Helminto/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Schistosoma mansoni/metabolismo , Esquistossomose mansoni/metabolismo , Animais , Apolipoproteínas E/deficiência , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Schistosoma mansoni/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esquistossomose mansoni/parasitologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/patologia , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Recent Results Cancer Res ; 175: 33-63, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17432553

RESUMO

From our better understanding of the natural history of prostate cancer, it is not unreasonable to believe that the disease is preventable. Prostate cancer has become a major healthcare problem worldwide, as life expectancy increases. Moreover, the cancer is slow growing, with a period of about 20-25 years from initiation to the stage when the clinically detectable phenotype can be identified. This review provides a simple overview of the endocrinology of prostate cancer and discusses some of the pharmaceutical agents that have been or are being tested to restrain, possibly arrest, the progression of this slowly growing cancer. Also discussed are many of the dietary factors that may influence the molecular or endocrine events implicated in its development. Dietary factors are considered responsible for the geographical differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Since about 50% of all men worldwide, from both East and West, show evidence of microscopic cancer by 50 years of age, growth restraint would appear to be the pragmatic option to the possibility of preventing initiation.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata/prevenção & controle , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico
9.
Int J Urol ; 14(1): 1-16, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17199853

RESUMO

Estrogens have long been associated with the processes involved in prostate carcinogenesis, particularly in cancer suppression. However, the synergistic influence of low concentrations of estrogens, together with androgens, in promoting aberrant growth of the gland has also been recognized. As new insights into the complex molecular events implicated in growth regulation of the prostate are revealed, the role of the estrogens has become clearer. The present review considers this role in relation to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and the potential cancer-repressive influence of the dietary estrogens.


Assuntos
Estrogênios/fisiologia , Doenças Prostáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/etiologia , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Doenças Prostáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Prostatite/etiologia
10.
Emerg Med J ; 24(2): 89-91, 2007 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17251610

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the scale of drink spiking in our area and identify which drugs are being used to spike drinks and also to assess whether there is a problem with drink spiking in any particular establishment. METHODS: A prospective study of all patients presenting to an emergency department with alleged drink spiking over a 12-month period. Samples were analysed for levels of alcohol and drugs of misuse. Information was collected as to where the alleged spiking took place and the involvement of the police. RESULTS: 75 patients attended with alleged drink spiking over the period of 12 months. 42 samples were analysed and tested positive for drugs of misuse in 8 (19%) cases. 65% of those tested had alcohol concentrations >160 mg%. The alleged spiking took place in 23 different locations, with 2 locations accounting for 31% of responses. Only 14% of those questioned had informed the police. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients allegedly having had a spiked drink test negative for drugs of misuse. The symptoms are more likely to be a result of excess alcohol.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/urina , Intoxicação Alcoólica/sangue , Intoxicação Alcoólica/urina , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos
15.
Ann Clin Biochem ; 39(Pt 3): 281-92, 2002 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12038603

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The marked differences in the incidences of both breast and prostate cancer between the East and the West have been attributed to habitual diet. Traditionally, Japanese and Far Eastern people in general consume large quantities of soya and soya-derived foodstuffs. Diphenolic soya phytoestrogens have weak oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic properties and have been implicated in preventing or limiting the early processes associated with breast and prostate carcinogenesis. METHODS: We have developed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure that is suitable for measurement of the phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein in serum, urine and tissue samples. RESULTS: In serum samples of Japanese subjects mean (standard deviation) concentrations of daidzein [men, 281 (375.5) nmol/L; women, 246 (369.4) nmol/L] and genistein (men, 493 (604.4) nmol/L; women, 502 (717.6) nmol/L] were approximately 15 times higher than the mean levels achieved in British men [daidzein, 18.2 (20.4) nmol/L; genistein, 34.1 (27.2) nmol/L] and women [daidzein, 13.5 (11.6) nmol/L; genistein, 30.1 (31.2) nmol/L]. In pharmacokinetic studies of British subjects, maximum levels of daidzein and genistein were achieved within 6-8 h after the consumption of a cereal bar containing 20 mg of soya isoflavonoids; these levels were very similar to the mean levels achieved in normal Japanese subjects. Unlike serum, the mean daidzein concentration in urine from British subjects was higher than the mean genistein concentration (1.66 and 0.72 micromol per 24 h, respectively); following soy supplementation, urinary isoflavonoid levels were increased at least 10-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Serum daidzein and genistein concentrations are lower in British subjects than in Japanese subjects; this may be due to dietary differences.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Genisteína/análise , Isoflavonas/análise , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Mama/química , Dieta , Inglaterra , Feminino , Genisteína/sangue , Genisteína/farmacocinética , Genisteína/urina , Humanos , Isoflavonas/sangue , Isoflavonas/farmacocinética , Isoflavonas/urina , Japão , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Glycine max/química , População Branca
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