[About the impact of the dendritic cell autovaccine on the results of treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients].

In thoracic department of the National Cancer Institute studied the effectiveness of dendritic cell autovaccine in the postoperative period in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The results, showing good tolerance dendritic cell autovaccine. Shows the formation of the expressed antigen immune response after repeated injections dendritic cell autovaccine, as manifested after 4 revaccination. Results of survival patients non-small-cell lung cancer who received postoperative dendritic cell autovaccines demonstrate the high efficiency of the method and its applicability with a minimum of side effects. Further study of survival of patients non-small-cell lung cancer who received immunotherapy treatment, monitoring of compliance with the best mode of repeated injections.

[Effect of dendritic cell autovaccine on the treatment outcome in patients with ovarian cancer].

During I/II phase clinical trial in ovarian cancer (OC) patients two types of autologous anticancer vaccines based on dendritic cells have been tested, and a comparative analysis of their effectiveness have been performed. It was shown that the anticancer vaccines based on DC, "loaded" with autologous tumor cell lysate obtained by treatment of tumor cells by cytotoxic lectins B. subtilis had higher efficiency, compared with the standard DC--autovaccine. The presence of antigen-specific immune response observed after at least four vaccinations. Obtained results open the prospects to improve the basic treatment of OC patients by this method. The results of immunological examinations create preconditions for individual optimization of the DC-vaccine therapy.

[Potential of prevention of metastasizing with the aid of tumor-specific transfer-factor].

The report discusses our experimental data in support of biotherapy which uses chemotherapy and antitumor immune treatment with in vivo xenogenic transfer-factor polypeptides (TFP) isolated from lymphocytes sensitized to antigens of given tumor. After excision of primary tumor--lung carcinoma of Lewis--mice C57BL/6 were injected intraperitoneally with xenogenic TFP (200 pg/body, twice) and a cytostaic dose of cyclophosphamide. Such adjuvant chemotherapy was found to prevent metastases from spreading to the lung in 100%. The marked anti-metastatic effect of the treatment correlated with recovery of splenic cell mass and its cellular structure, higher levels of large granular lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced functional activity of cytotoxic cells in vitro. Our results point to a possibility of raising efficacy of treating solid malignancies with adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with adoptive immune therapy.

[Transfer factor specific to mouse lung carcinoma of Lewis].

Factor of transfer was identified and sampled in the course of immunization of rats with cells or tissues of mouse lung carcinoma of Lewis and its antitumor action investigated on models of passive and spontaneous dissemination in mice C57BL/6. Samples obtained at the peak of immunological response (day 14) and immunological memory inception (day 60) were shown to be capable of marked antimetastatic effects: fall in metastatic frequency, number and size of metastases correlated with higher index of metastasis formation.

[Inhibition of tumor growth in rat liver induced by tumor-specific transfer factor].

A transfer factor (TF) specific to antigens of Geren's carcinoma in rat was developed using an original model of intraorganic growth. Intravenous injection (1pg/g body) inhibited primary tumor node growth in the liver by 78% and blocked dissemination to peritoneal viscera. Its effect was due to an immunospecific component promoting antitumor immunological response. The latter presented as generation of cytotoxic effector cells, vascular disorders in tumor parenchyma thus blocking tumor cell proliferation. Possible applications of tumor-specific TF for biotherapy of cancer patients are discussed.

[Cytomorphological characteristics of dendritic cells].

Five morphological degrees of maturity of dendritic cells induced from monocytes of peripheral blood in oncological patients have been revealed using originally prepared and stained cytological preparations. Cytological examination of dendritic cells can be used for their identification in production of dendritic cell antitumor vaccines.

[Antitumor immunity transfer by a factor isolated from lymphocytes of tumor bearer].

Low-molecular extracts (LMEs) of lymphocytes were obtained from spleen of noninbred rats using our experimental model of intraorganic growth of Guerin's carcinoma. They were intended to transfer immune reaction to tumor antigens in vitro. It was LMEs developed prior to tumor progression in spleen that showed immunospecific activity with respect to tumor cells. Also, they had marked antigen-independent immunopharmacological activity. Single intravenous injection of LMEs100 pg given on day 7 of tumor growth stimulated antitumor resistance in intact rats within a short time. It prevented tumor cells engrafting in 60% of tumors. A tumor-specific factor has been evolved capable of immune reaction transfer to tumor antigens in vitro thus preventing tumorigenesis in recipients in vivo.

[Morphological changes in immunogenesis organs in transplantation of Guerin carcinoma to the spleen]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v organakh immunogeneza pri transplantatsii kartsinomy Gerena v selezenku.

The study was made in 30 male Wistar rats (b.m. 110+/-10 g) with transplanted Guerin carcinoma to their spleen. Morphological changes in the tumour, spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes on tumour growth day 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 25 were studied. The elaborated experimental model of tumour growth in the spleen allowed to detect tumor-specific changes in organs of immunogenesis as well as the dynamics of their development. The findings show possibility of renewal of both cellular content in the tumour-activation of proliferation, and in tissue of the spleen-blast transformation with predominance of lymphoblasts. Morphologic changes in the thymus and regional lymph nodes are different this meaning that changes in the organs of immunogenesis are not of a systemic character, their reaction to the presence of tumour in organism is not always the same and has its own features.

[Immune response in non-inbred rats after implantation of Geren carcinoma into their spleens]. / Immunologicheskaia reaktivnost' u nelineinykh krys na modeli vnutriselëzenochnogo rosta kartsinomy Gerena.

Formation of specific immune response of Geren's carcinoma (GC) versus its biological properties was studied in non-inbred rat spleen. GC growth was accompanied by mounting immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) which was evaluated by macrophage adherence inhibition test. Increase in cell-mediated response to such antigens passed through stages determined by the peculiarities of GC growth in spleen tissues. Immune response to TAA was reported in half the animals as the cells were taking. Enhanced proliferative pool of tumor, aneuploidy and DNA index offset by the low level of apoptosis were characteristic of tumor progression stage. The combination of those factors served as a backdrop for immunologic tolerance development in all the animals. Immune response resurfaced as apoptosis intensified during generalized tumor growth when cell proliferation in the parenchyme declined.

[Changes in immunogenesis organs after thyroidectomy and hormonal correction in an experiment]. / Izmeneniia organov immunogeneza posle tireoidéktomii i gormonalnoi korrektsii v éksperimente.

Regulating effect of thyroid hormones on functions of organs of the immune system has been demonstrated in the experiment. Deficiency of thyroid hormones affects thymulin synthesis and morphofunctional status of immunogenesis organs. Combination of thymostimulin and thyroxin in the thyroidectomized animals, as compared to their separate use, is pathogenetically the most adequate correcting therapy aiming normalization of structural and functional disorders in the thymus and spleen. Prolonged reaction of tissual basophils saturated with heparin, indicated hormonal activation of blood anticoagulative system, and complex of the above hormones can be used for prevention of thromboembolic complications.

[Correlated connection of endocrine function of thymus and other internal secretion glands at stages of developing uterine choriocarcinoma]. / Korreliatsionnye sviazi éndokrinnoi funktsii timusa i drugikh zhelez vnutrennei sekretsii na étapakh razvitiia khoriokartsinomy matki.

The mechanisms of endocrine and immune system disorders in normal and disturbed pregnancy as well as in chorionocarcinoma, hydatid mole, metastatic and non-metastatic chorionocarcinoma have been investigated. Relevant disorders were chiefly caused by the endocrine function of the thymus and gonadotropins from the trophoblast, which made a powerful impact on the periphery of hormonal and immunological homeostasis. Unlike normal pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease involved changes in the nature, direction and degree of correlations between endocrine formations, which in turn determined the pathogenetic pattern of the disease.

[A comparison of the morphofunctional characteristics of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the immune status of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin]. / Sopostavlenie morfo-funktsional'nykh osobennostei limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi i immunnogo statusa u bol'nykh zlokachestvennoi melanomoi kozhi.

As a results of the study of immune status of 75 patients with malignant skin melanoma, some signs of immunodeficiency with failure of cell and humoral reactions were revealed. The degree of quantitative and qualitative changes of immune system depended on clinical-morphological features of malignancy development.

[The level of embryonic antigens in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neuro-oncological patients]. / Soderzhanie émbrional'nykh antigenov v syvorotke krovi i likvore neiroonkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The levels of embryonic antigens (cancer embryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, beta-chorionic gonadotropin were measured in the serum, spinal fluid, the cystic fluid of tumor 83 of neuro-oncological patients. It was found that the blood concentrations of cancer embryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein were not generally related to the degree of malignancy and the blood level of beta-chorionic gonadotropin decreased with the higher degree of tumor anaplasia. The high content of beta-chorionic gonadotropin in the spinal fluid suggests its origin from a brain tumor. The fatal postoperative outcome was noted in patients having high preoperative serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and cancer embryonic antigen with simultaneous much higher concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum than those in the spinal fluid.

[Endocrine function of the thymus and ionizing radiation]. / Endokrinnaia funktsiia timusa i ioniziruiushchaia radiatsiia.

It is shown that external as well as incorporated radiation inhibit the endocrine function of the thymus in the result of the direct and indirect effects. Postradiation deficiency of thymic hormones plays a significant role in pathogenesis of functional disorders in the immunity system. Immunocorrection with thymic agents is the most effective method when the mechanism of inhibition of thymic hormonal function are taken into account.

[The mechanism of the immunomodulating action of Béres Drops Plus]. / O mekhanizme immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia kapel' Beresha Plius.

Béres Drops Plus were found to raise the number of E-RFCs, being formed by lymphocytes of peripheral blood of subjects presenting with low levels of T-cells, and to increase the production of substances possessing thymosine-like activity (STLA) by lymphocytes and epithelial cells of the murine thymus gland. In vitro the drug preparation in question enhances endocrine function of thymus in normal animals and the organism's capacity to induce STLA synthesis following thymectomy. These findings are useful in devising rational schemes of rehabilitation of immune system with the drug preparation Béres Drops Plus in secondary immunodeficiency states developing in cases presenting with precancer conditions, malignant neoplasia, in those subjects having taken part in the elimination of the Chernobyl NPP accident aftermath, those residing on the territories controlled, as well as evolving on account of aging.

[The lymphokine-mediated activation of effector cells in the natural resistance system induced by gamma-interferon]. / Limfokin-oposredovannaia aktivatsiia kletok-éffektorov sistemy estestvennoi rezistentnosti, indutsirovannaia gamma-interferonom.

Some mechanisms of biologic action of gamma-interferon (INF) agents have been studied in mice systems in vivo. The obtained results testify to the possibility of existence of inductor mechanisms for activation of the effector cells of immunobiologic surveillance. It is supposed that gamma-INF is a binding chain of the natural host resistance.

[Lymphocyte mechanoluminescence]. / Mekhanoliuminestsentsiia limfotsitov.

A unique installation and an original investigation method are described for studying mechanoluminescence of lymphocytes. The spectral content of mechanoluminescence of lymphocytes of human peripheral blood showed maxima of optical emission at 262, 291, 335 and 412 nm. Intraperitoneal administration of hydrocortisone in mice enhances thymocyte mechanoluminescence intensity after 2 and 3 days by 33 and 62%, resp. It is shown that Acridine orange, reacting with murine thymocytes and their nucleoids, affects intensity of their mechanoluminescence, depending on the value of concentration of the injected intercalator.

[Changes in the neuroendocrine and immune state of adaptational homeostasis in normal pregnancy]. / Izmeneniia v neiroéndokrinnom i immunnom zveníakh adaptatsionnogo gomeostata pri fiziologicheski protekaiushchei beremennosti.

43 women with physiologically proceeding pregnancy have been examined during 1st, 2nd and 3d terms. The control group consists of 28 practically healthy non-pregnant women. It is stated that during pregnancy essential changes in the function of endocrine glands of mother take place. the appearance of placenta, a new gland of internal secretion, producing choriogonadotropin (CG) as well as the great amount of other hormones of the steroid and protein nature causes essential changes in the regulatory mechanisms underlying the physiological activity of internal secretion glands in mother. The development and early functioning of the internal secretion glands of a fetus promote the hormonal shifts. With the pregnancy development the number of estrogen increases hundred times, relative to their production in non-pregnant women secretion of progesterone and prolactin increase ten times. The functional activity of anterior lobe of the hypophysis, manifesting itself in hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibition of follicule-stimulating hormone production changes as well. Changes in the functional state of the adrenal gland cortex: cortisole secretion is high are found.