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1.
J Gen Virol ; 90(Pt 6): 1303-1318, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19321757

RESUMO

Rev remains a hot topic. In this review, we revisit the insights that have been gained into the control of gene expression by the retroviral protein Rev and speculate on where current research is leading. We outline what is known about the role of Rev in translation and encapsidation and how these are linked to its more traditional role of nuclear export, underlining the multifaceted nature of this small viral protein. We discuss what more is to be learned in these fields and why continuing research on these 116 amino acids and understanding their function is still important in devising methods to combat AIDS.


Assuntos
Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Produtos do Gene rev/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Retroviridae/fisiologia , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Humanos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Montagem de Vírus
2.
Bull World Health Organ ; 83(7): 503-10, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16175824

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consistency and quality of immunization monitoring systems in 27 countries during 2002-03 using standardized data quality audits (DQAs) that had been launched within the framework of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. METHODS: The consistency of reporting systems was estimated by determining the proportion of third doses of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis (DTP-3) vaccine reported as being administered that could be verified by written documentation at health facilities and districts. The quality of monitoring systems was measured using quality indices for different components of the monitoring systems. These indices were applied to each level of the health service (health unit, district and national). FINDINGS: The proportion of verified DTP-3 doses was lower than 85% in 16 countries. Difficulties in verifying the doses administered often arose at the peripheral level of the health service, usually as the result of discrepancies in information between health units and their corresponding districts or because completed recording forms were not available from health units. All countries had weaknesses in their monitoring systems; these included the inconsistent use of monitoring charts; inadequate monitoring of vaccine stocks, injection supplies and adverse events; unsafe computer practices; and poor monitoring of completeness and timeliness of reporting. CONCLUSION: Inconsistencies in immunization data occur in many countries, hampering their ability to manage their immunization programmes. Countries should use these findings to strengthen monitoring systems so that data can reliably guide programme activities. The DQA is an innovative tool that provides a way to independently assess the quality of immunization monitoring systems at all levels of a health service and serves as a point of entry to make improvements. It provides a useful example for other global health initiatives.


Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Coleta de Dados/normas , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Auditoria Administrativa , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Documentação/normas , Saúde Global , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , Prontuários Médicos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Informática em Saúde Pública , Controle de Qualidade , Projetos de Pesquisa
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