Oral Cryotherapy for Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Busulfan: A Retrospective/Prospective Descriptive Study.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether oral cryotherapy (OC) mitigates oral mucositis (OM) resulting from busulfan chemotherapy. SAMPLE & SETTING: Electronic health records of patients undergoing busulfan conditioning for blood and marrow transplantation were reviewed for this descriptive study. The post-OC group received OC with busulfan, but the pre-OC group did not. METHODS & VARIABLES: Demographic and disease characteristics for both groups were summarized using descriptive statistics. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed for continuous and ordinal measures, and chi-square tests were performed for categorical outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS: This study found a decrease in the severity of OM as assessed by the World Health Organization OM scale. This study also found a reduction of total parenteral nutrition and opioid pain medication use, as well as a decrease in length of stay and airway protection-related intensive care unit transfers. An increase in day 11 methotrexate administration for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis was observed in the post-OC group. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: OC is a safe and easily implemented intervention that can decrease OM in patients receiving busulfan chemotherapy.

Preferences for photographic art among hospitalized patients with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the preferences of patients with cancer for viewing photographic art in an inpatient hospital setting and to evaluate the impact of viewing photographic art. DESIGN: Quantitative, exploratory, single-group, post-test descriptive design incorporating qualitative survey questions. SETTING: An academic medical center in the midwestern United States. SAMPLE: 80 men (n = 44) and women (n = 36) aged 19-85 years (X = 49) and hospitalized for cancer treatment. METHODS: Participants viewed photographs via computers and then completed a five-instrument electronic survey. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Fatigue, quality of life, performance status, perceptions of distraction and restoration, and content categories of photographs. FINDINGS: Ninety-six percent of participants enjoyed looking at the study photographs. The photographs they preferred most often were lake sunset (76%), rocky river (66%), and autumn waterfall (66%). The most rejected photographs were amusement park (54%), farmer's market vegetable table (51%), and kayakers (49%). The qualitative categories selected were landscape (28%), animals (15%), people (14%), entertainment (10%), imagery (10%), water (7%), spiritual (7%), flowers (6%), and landmark (3%). Some discrepancy between the quantitative and qualitative sections may be related to participants considering water to be a landscape. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that patients' preferences for a category of photographic art are affected by the psychophysical and psychological qualities of the photographs, as well as the patients' moods and characteristics, was supported. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses can play an active role in helping patients deal with the challenges of long hospital stays and life-threatening diagnoses through distraction and restoration interventions such as viewing photographic images of nature. KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION: Nurses can use photographic imagery to provide a restorative intervention during the hospital experience. Photographic art can be used as a distraction from the hospital stay and the uncertainty of a cancer diagnosis. Having patients view photographs of nature is congruent with the core nursing values of promoting health, healing, and hope.