RESUMO
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) offers a scalable, cost-effective, accessible, and low-threshold form of psychotherapy. Recent advancements explored the use of conversational agents such as chatbots and voice assistants to enhance the delivery of iCBT. These agents can deliver iCBT-based exercises, recognize and track emotional states, assess therapy progress, convey empathy, and potentially predict long-term therapy outcome. However, existing systems predominantly utilize categorical approaches for emotional modeling, which can oversimplify the complexity of human emotional states. To address this, we developed a transformer-based model for dimensional text-based emotion recognition, fine-tuned with a novel, comprehensive dimensional emotion dataset comprising 75,503 samples. This model significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art models in detecting the dimensions of valence, arousal, and dominance, achieving a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.90, r = 0.77, and r = 0.64, respectively. Furthermore, a feasibility study involving 20 participants confirmed the model's technical effectiveness and its usability, acceptance, and empathic understanding in a conversational agent-based iCBT setting, marking a substantial improvement in personalized and effective therapy experiences.
RESUMO
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines have been derived from four male patients with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children and adolescents between the ages 6 and 18 suffering from ADHD were recruited for this work. Isolated keratinocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the participants were reprogrammed into iPSCs using non-integrating Sendai virus to deliver the reprogramming factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Adolescente , Diferenciação Celular , Reprogramação Celular , Criança , Humanos , Queratinócitos , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Masculino , Vírus SendaiRESUMO
Ten human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines have been derived from five healthy controls matched to a study including Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients (ADHD). Both female and male children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were recruited. Isolated keratinocyte cells from the participants were reprogrammed into iPSCs using non-integrating Sendai virus to deliver the reprogramming factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Adolescente , Diferenciação Celular , Reprogramação Celular , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Queratinócitos , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Masculino , Vírus SendaiRESUMO
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Although ADHD has been studied for nearly a century, the cause and pathophysiology of ADHD is yet largely unknown. However, findings from previous studies have resulted in the formation of a new hypothesis: Apart from the well-known multifactorial etiology of ADHD, recent evidence suggests that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and especially Wnt- and mTOR-signaling pathways might have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The Wnt-signaling pathway is known to orchestrate cellular proliferation, polarity, and differentiation, and the mTOR pathway is involved in several significant processes of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. As a result, dysregulations of these pathways in a time-dependent manner could lead to neurodevelopmental delays, resulting in ADHD phenotype. This review presents further evidence supporting our hypothesis by combining results from studies on ADHD and Wnt- or mTOR-signaling and the influence of genetics, methylphenidate treatment, Omega-3 supplementation, and stress.