RESUMO
Dysphagia is a disorder of the swallowing mechanism and presents a major problem in the rehabilitation of stroke patients and head injured patients. The authors have identified several biomechanical parameters that characterize the oral musculature and have developed techniques to quantify these parameters in normal and dysphagic patients. These parameters include lip closure pressure, lip interface shear force, tongue thrust, and swallow pressure. Significant differences were found in each of these parameters measured in normal and dysphagic patients. The quantitative measurements may aid the physician in choosing the appropriate therapy during the course of recovery.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Boca/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Lábio/fisiopatologia , Músculos/fisiopatologia , Língua/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
We examined ways in which caregivers cope with stressful caregiving situations and the relations between coping strategies and caregivers' psychosocial well-being. Respondents were 58 family caregivers to patients discharged from a rehabilitation hospital. Caregivers identified a recent stressful event in caregiving and indicated strategies used to cope with this event. After controlling for patients' impairment level, analyses indicated that caregivers engaging in more escape-avoidance coping reported greater depression and more conflict in their personal relationships. Those using more positive reappraisal demonstrated greater positive affect. Younger caregivers, many of whom were women, used more avoidance strategies. Results have implications for therapeutic interventions with family caregivers.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Meio Social , Apoio Social , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Satisfação PessoalRESUMO
The swallowing process is divided into three distinct phases: (1) an oral phase involving the coordinated action of the muscles of the lips, tongue, and cheeks; (2) a pharyngeal phase involving pharynx and larynx; and (3) an esophageal phase involving transit of the bolus from the pharynx into the stomach. A description is given of quantitative measurement techniques for assessment of the oral phase and reliable, noninvasive techniques for assessing the pharyngeal phase that are being developed. The goal is to identify the patient at risk of aspiration and choking.
