[The alternative view on diagnostic of hyperlipoproteinemia, cholesterol lipoproteins of low density and effect of statins: a lecture].

The effect of statins occur in several stages: 1) inhibition in hepatocytes of synthesis of functionally specific pool of spirit cholesterol, polar mono-layer of lipoproteins of very low density; 2) activation of hydrolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins of very low density, formation of apoE/B-100-ligand and absorption of lipoproteins of very low density by insulin-depended cells; 3) decreasing of content of and spirit cholesterol-lipoproteins of very low density in blood plasma; 4) activation of hydrolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins of low density, formation of apoB-100-ligand and absorption of lipoproteins of low density by insulin-independent cells; 5) decreasing of level of and increasing of content of lipoproteins of high density. During first weeks of effect of statins occurs decreasing of concentration of triglycerides and unesterified spirit cholesterol-lipoproteins of very low density in blood plasma. Then, slower and more durational decreasing of level of spirit cholesterol-lipoproteins of low density occurs. The value of spirit cholesterol-lipoproteins of low density is primarily determined by content of palmitic saturated fatty acid in food, its endogenous synthesis from glucose and concentration of palmitic triglycerides and lipoproteins of very low density of the same name in blood plasma. The effect of preparations is biologically valid and corresponds to alternative hypolipidemic preparations. All these preparations have an effect following a common algorithm: they activate, using different mechanisms, receptor absorption of lipoproteins of very low density or lipoproteins of low density by cells. The level of spirit cholesterol-lipoproteins of low density in full measure depends on content of triglycerides in blood. The concentration of spirit cholesterol in blood plasma has a reliable diagnostic significance only under physiological content of triglycerides. The main criterion of diagnostic and control of hypolipidemic therapy biologically is content of triglycerides. The comprehension of differences in effect of hypolipidemic preparations within framework of common algorithm permits rationally combine them under treatment of both primary inheritable phenotypes of glucolipoproteins and secondary symptomatic types of glucolipoproteins under obligatory observation of strict dietary treatment.

[The PCR markers of viral infections under chronic gastritis in children].

The extended monitoring (up to 1 year 11 months) of PCR markers was implemented concerning viral infections: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, simple herpes virus type I and II, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and bacterial infection of Helicobacter pylori in bioassays (blood, biopsy material of mucous coat of stomach and inferior third of esophagus) from children with different types of chronic gastritis. In biological samples from patients with gastritis type A and type A + B DNA of hepatitis B virus (87% and 71% of patients correspondingly) and DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (63% and 67% of patients) were detected with high rate. Under gastritis type B and C these markers were detected significantly rarely (20-36%). Among patients with gastritis type A, B and A + B, the positive results on DNA of cytomegalovirus consisted 13-17%. In patients with gastritis type C DNA of cytomegalovirus was not detected. In any of analyzed samples no DNA of simple herpes virus type I and II was detected. The control of DNA of H. pylori demonstrated its presence in biological materials of 67% and 84% of patients with gastritis type B and A +B. This type of DNA was absent in patients with gastritis type A and C. Under gastritis type A, B and A+B, DNA of Epstein-Barr virus and DNA of hepatitis B virus detected more often in biological materials of mucous coat of stomach (71%-100%) and out of them simultaneously in blood in 33%-60% of examined patients and only in blood up to 29%. DNA of Epstein-Barr virus was detected in leukocytes of peripheral blood and DNA of hepatitis B virus both in plasma and leukocytes of peripheral blood. Under gastritis type C DNA of Epstein-Barr virus was always detected in leukocytes of peripheral blood (in 20% out of these patients simultaneously in biological material) and DNA of hepatitis B virus just as much in blood (plasma and/or leukocytes of peripheral blood) and biological materials. The lower concentrations (less than 700 copies/ml) DNA of hepatitis B virus in most samples were detected in absence of markers of hepatitis B virus. In patients with autoimmune gastritis and in absence of bacterial infection H. pylori (group I) or against its background (group III) PCR-markers of hepatitis B virus and Epstein-Barr virus were detected quite often. The evidence of persistence (in superior sections of digestive organs) of Epstein-Barr virus nad hepatitis B virus is detection of DNA of these viruses under their extended monitoring (up to 1 year 11 months) in biological samples from patients with autoimmune forms of gastritis type A and type A+B.

[Long-term results of HBV and HCV infection in patients with blood system diseases].

AIM: To specify trends in clinical and laboratory manifestations of virus hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) in patients with blood diseases from the moment of the first positive specific tests for HBV and HCV markers; to assess effects of HBV and HCV infection on efficacy of treatment of blood disease treatment, i.e. lifespan of patients with hematological diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 257 patients: 205 with acute leukemia - AL, 40 with lymphoproliferative diseases, 4 - with CML and 8 - others; 8 healthy bone marrow donors. The patients were admitted to Russian Hematological Research Center in 2004-2006 Follow-up median was 253 days. A total of 7800 biological samples were studied, among them about 4000 tests for HBV DNA and HCV RNA. RESULTS: Positive tests for specific markers of HBV and HCV were absent only in 78 (29.4%) patients. Positive markers of coinfection were detected in 57 (32.8%) of 174 patients with HBV infection and in 81.4% of 70 patients with HCV infection. Probability of detection of HCV markers after positive tests for HBV markers and vice versa is about 3 times higher than probability of their isolated detection. Among patients infected with HBVsymptoms of hepatitis B are likely to appear in 56% patients to day 500 of follow-up from the date of the first positive specific test. Median of the interval between the first positive test for HBV markers and probable clinical signs of hepatitis was 30 days. Among patients with HCV infection, 85% develop hepatitis to follow-up day 300 since the date of the first specific positive test. Almost 100% patients infected with two viruses develop hepatitis to follow-up day 600. Median of the interval between the first positive test for HBV and HCV markers and probable hepatitis picture was 47 days. Overall 3-year survival of AL patients was 40%, of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases - 58%. Overall 7-month survival was 75% in AA patients. HBV infection in patients with blood disease is associated with high risk of death, especially in AA and AL. Association between HCV infection and survival is not proved. CONCLUSION: A high rate of clinical realization of viral hepatitis B and C, especially in coinfection, calls for virological and clinical monitoring of patients with any positive test for HBV and HCV markers.

[Laboratory diagnosis of herpesvirus infections in patients with acute leukemias].

The paper presents the results of monitoring the markers of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus type 6 in the blood and bone marrow of patients with acute leukemias during induction multidrug therapy. Whether it is expedient to diagnose herpesvirus markers in patients with acute leukemias in the period of remission induction is discussed.

[Structural organization of chromatins from two divisions of rat brain, using micrococcal nuclease]. / Analiz strukturnoi organizatsii khromatinov dvukh otdelov golovnogo mozga krys s pomoshch'iu mikrokokkovoi nukleazy.

The cell nuclei of cerebellum and large hemispheres of rat brain were treated with micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7); the resulting DNA fragments were separated in 4% polyacrylamide gel. The experimental data are indicative of differences in the structural organization of chromatins from different divisions of the brain: the average value of the repeating DNA sequences of chromatin from the large hemispheres was 184 base pairs against 199 in case of cerebellar chromatin. The DNA fragment incorporated into the nucleosomal nucleus contained 140 base pairs in both chromatin preparations. The dependence of the size of the DNA "bridge" between the vicinal nucleosomal nuclei on the protein composition and template activity of chromatin preparations is discussed.

[Template activity of chromatin preparations from cerebellum and large hemispheres of rat brain]. / Matrichnaia aktivnost' preparatov khromatina mozzhechka i bol'shikh polusharii mozga krys.

Two preparations of chromatin were isolated frm two divisions of rat brain differing in the average content of RNA in the cells and in the activities of nuclear forms of RNA-polymerases. Cerebellar chromatin was shown to contain far fewer non-histone proteins than the chromatin from the large hemispheres. The template properties of chromatin preparations were studied in a RNA synthesis system by two different methods, using bacterial RNA-polymerase. No differences in the template activity of the two preparations were revealed. It was assumed that the rate of RNA synthesis in these two divisions of rat brain are predominantly due to the activity of nuclear RNA-polymerases rather than to the state of the corresponding matrix.