The estimation of economic effectiveness of preventive measures of non-infectious diseases

Introduction: The world today is characterized by the globalization of processes affecting social development. The globalization of preventive work today necessarily involves inter-sectorial interaction. Such a huge work with the preventive aim allows to comprehensively influencing the positive effect on the prevention of negative manifestations in the health of both human and the whole population. That means, that we can talk about a preventive strategy, which should be inherent in total character. The Public Health Service should have a state approach. Many countries confirmed this, such as: USA, Sweden, France, Germany, Great Britain, etc. Prevention, in the broadest sense of the word, must take place, of course, both at the local level and at the interregionale one, and if we talk about a global approach, then we also can speak about the international level. The economic effect of such work is clearly demonstrated as a consequence of prophylactic programs on infectious diseases. The aim of this article is to justify the economic effectiveness of the prevention of non-communicable diseases and to determine the criteria for calculating the economic forecast. Material and methods: The research was conducted with the help of theoretical and statistical methods, by studying scientific sources and systematic analysis and generalization of the experience of finding economic efficiency of preventive measures for non-communicable diseases. Review and conclusions: Review and conclusions: The analysis of the considered methods of economic evaluation of preventive measures of non-infectious diseases made it possible to draw the following conclusions, the effectiveness of the health care system and individual treatment and prevention institutions should be considered in a complex way from the point of view of medical, social and economic efficiency. Economic efficiency, as a rule, is the result of medical and social efficiency. When calculating the cost-effectiveness of treatment and prevention measures, the whole complex of losses and costs associated with illnesses should be taken into account, in particular: direct costs directly related to prevention and treatment; Indirect losses associated with the illness, due to the unprocessed part of the gross domestic product, paid by sick leave letters.

Criteria of economic effectiveness of preventive measures of chronic non-infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Today, Ukraine is among the five largest European countries in terms of population, ranking fifth after Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy. Over the past decades, the number of people in Ukraine has been decreasing, mainly due to the excess of deaths over births. The high mortality rate in Ukraine is burdened by the fact that it concerns people of working age - the standardized mortality rate of the working-age population is 2.4 times higher than that of the EU countries and 1.5 times the average in Europe. The aim of this article was to determine the rationale for the economic effectiveness of the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and criteria for calculating the economic forecast. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted with the help of theoretical and statistical methods, by studying scientific sources and systematic analysis and generalization of the experience of finding economic efficiency of preventive measures of chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Review and conclusions: The analysis of the considered methods of economic evaluation of the prevention and treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases made it possible to draw the following conclusions that the effectiveness of the health care system and individual health care facilities should be considered in a complex manner from the point of view of medical, social and economic efficiency. Economic efficiency, as a rule, is the result of medical and social efficiency. When calculating the cost-effectiveness of treatment and prevention measures, the whole complex of losses and costs associated with illnesses should be taken into account, in particular: direct costs directly related to preventionand treatment; Indirect losses associated with the illness, due to the unprocessed part of the gross domestic product, paid by sick leave. The task of the economic substantiation of medical and preventive measures is to calculate the necessary volume of material and technical and financial resources, as well as their effective use.

Health of ophthalmologists as a prerequisite of quality medical services.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The effectiveness and efficiency of the medical sector workforce directly depend on health of medical professionals. Scientific literature pays considerable attention to the health of surgeons, physicians, obstetricians, gynecologists, infectionists and dentists paying very little, if any, attention to health problems of ophthalmologists. This study is intended to bridge this gap. The aim at revealing the current situation and characteristics of health status of ophthalmologists using the results of sociological research and identifying health problems of the respondents in order to determine reliable preventive measures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors used bibliographic, medical-statistical, sociological and informational-analytical methods as well as analyzed questionnaires of the sociological survey conducted among ophthalmologists from various regions of Ukraine. RESULTS: Results: The results of the sociological survey allowed determining the main medical-demographic and occupational characteristics of the ophthalmologists working at health facilities. It was found that11,1±2,1 per 100 respondents assess their health condition as very good and 34,3±3,2 per 100 respondents - as good. At the same time every third respondent reports own health condition as satisfactory, 18,5±2,6 per 100 respondents report their health condition as bad and 2,8±1,2 per 100 respondents - as very bad. Chronic diseases in the history were confirmed by 52,8±3,4 per 100 ophthalmologists, recurrent acute diseases were reported by 48,6±3,4 per 100 respondents. Some ophthalmologists reported their low medical activity due to a number of reasons. The main factors that adversely affect the health of ophthalmologists include considerable workload, the need to work part-time for subsistence, neuro-emotional stress, insufficiently equipped medical and diagnostic process lacking modern technologies, poor team atmosphere, lack of comfort at the workplace and others. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Own health condition assessed by ophthalmologists, the prevalence of chronic and acute pathology, factors of the working environment affecting health serve as the ground for improving prophylaxis activities among ophthalmologists and strengthening their health as a prerequisite for the quality medical services.