International urogynecological consultation chapter 4.1: definition of outcomes for pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This manuscript of Chapter 4 of the International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC) on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) reviews the literature and makes recommendations on the definition of success in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: An international group containing seven urogynecologists performed an exhaustive search of the literature using two PubMed searches and using PICO methodology. The first search was from 01/01/2012-06/12/2022. A second search from inception to 7/24/2022 was done to access older references. Publications were eliminated if not relevant to the clinical definition of surgical success for the treatment of POP. All abstracts were reviewed for inclusion and any disagreements were adjudicated by majority consensus of the writing group. The resulting list of articles were used to inform a comprehensive review and creation of the definition of success in the surgical treatment of POP. OUTCOMES: The original search yielded 12,161 references of which 45 were used by the writing group. Ultimately, 68 references are included in the manuscript. For research purposes, surgical success should be primarily defined by the absence of bothersome patient bulge symptoms or retreatment for POP and a time frame of at least 12 months follow-up should be used. Secondary outcomes, including anatomic measures of POP and related pelvic floor symptoms, should not contribute to a definition of success or failure. For clinical practice, surgical success should primarily be defined as the absence of bothersome patient bulge symptoms. Surgeons may consider using PASS (patient acceptable symptom state) or patient goal attainment assessments, and patients should be followed for a minimum of at least one encounter at 6-12 weeks post-operatively. For surgeries involving mesh longer-term follow-up is recommended.

The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Guideline for the diagnostic assessment of stress urinary incontinence in women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) was to develop an updated Guideline for the diagnostic assessment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Earlier PSGO guidelines and the literature about the diagnostic assessment of SUI, including current international guidelines, were reviewed. RESULTS: As in the earlier guidelines, the diagnostic process was subdivided into the initial and the specialized diagnostics. Patients who required specialized diagnostic testing were identified. Functional diagnostic tests, performed by physiotherapists, were included. Attention was paid to new diagnostic possibilities. CONCLUSIONS: Initial diagnostic assessment is sufficient to devise the optimal treatment plan in a number of patients. It also allows to identify which patients will require specialized diagnostics, whose scope is individually tailored to the patient needs and depends on symptom complexity, surgical history, treatment plan, experience of the physician, availability of the equipment, and cost-effectiveness ratio.

Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Guidelines on the management of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the publication was to present the Guideline of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) for the management of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse, based on the available literature, expert knowledge and opinion, as well as everyday practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2005, 2006 and 2010, the panel of PSGO experts published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This publication presents an update of those recommendations and concerns recurrent POP treatment. MAIN CONCLUSION: The analysis of data revealed that sacrocolpopexy with the use of commercial sets or polypropylene hernia mesh is the method of choice for the surgical repair of recurrent vaginal vault prolapse. However, a significantly higher risk of surgical and postoperative complications after sacrocolpopexy, as compared to vaginal surgeries, should be considered when making treatment decisions. In other types of recurrent POP, the choice of surgery method should be tailored to the individual needs of each patient and may depend on the medical center.

The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Guidelines for the diagnostic assessment of pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the team appointed by the Board of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) was to develop this interdisciplinary Guideline for the diagnostic assessment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women, based on the available literature, expert knowledge and opinion, as well as everyday practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature, including current international guidelines and earlier PSGO recommendations (2010-2020) about POP, was conducted. RESULTS: The steps of the diagnostic assessment for patients with POP, subdivided into initial and specialized diagnostics, have been presented. Indications for specialized diagnostic assessment have also been listed. In case of surgical treatment, the patient may be referred solely based on the initial diagnostics or after certain elements of the specialized diagnostics have been completed. CONCLUSIONS: Due to inconclusive data, the scope of the diagnostic process for POP is individualized for each patient and depends on patient-reported symptoms, initial diagnostic findings, surgical history, management plan, availability of the equipment, and cost.

Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians guidelines on the management of stress urinary incontinence in women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to present an interdisciplinary Guideline of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) for the management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature, including current international guidelines and earlier recommendations of the PSGO Urogynecology Section, about the treatment of SUI was conducted. RESULTS: Management of SUI is presented. Four lines of therapy were identified: line 1 - the so-called 'conservative treatment', which should always be attempted, regardless of SUI symptom severity; line 2 - surgical intervention; lines 3 and 4 - reoperations after unsuccessful surgeries from line 2. The literature reports which provided supporting evidence for this Guideline, including the practical aspects, were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic review of the guidelines and an analysis of SUI management were conducted. The need for an individualized approach was emphasized.

The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Guideline on the use of urodynamic testing in gynecological practice.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to present an interdisciplinary Guideline of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) for the use of urodynamics (UDS) in the diagnostic process of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) based on the available literature, expert knowledge, and everyday practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature concerning the use of UDS in women, including current international guidelines and earlier recommendations of the PSGO Urogynecology Section, was conducted. RESULTS: Urodynamic testing allows to make the urodynamic diagnosis which, nevertheless, remains to be the preliminary diagnosis. Medical history, physical examination, and detailed analysis of the previous test results (laboratory, imaging, endoscopic) need to be taken into consideration before making the final diagnosis. Urodynamic testing before surgical treatment of SUI is allowable, but the decision remains at the discretion of the physician. Urodynamic testing is not necessary before primary surgical treatment of uncomplicated SUI, but it has been demonstrated to optimize the therapeutic methods in complicated SUI. The significance of UDS in the diagnostic process of patients with overactive bladder symptoms, voiding dysfunction, and bladder outlet obstruction was discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic testing is a vital element of the urogynecological diagnostic process. The scope of UDS should reflect the individual needs and symptoms of each patient and be based on the current guidelines, expert knowledge and experience of the physician, indications, and eligibility, as well as additional test results of the affected patients. Due to formal and legal requirements, PSGO, in this Guideline, wishes to emphasize the need for an individualized approach to both, test performance and result interpretation.

The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians guidelines on the management of non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the publication was to present the interdisciplinary guidelines of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome based on the available literature, expert knowledge, and everyday practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the literature, including current recommendations for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome, urinary incontinence, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence, as well as the earlier recommendations of the PSGO Urogynecology Section, was conducted. RESULTS: Management of the patients with OAB is presented. Four lines of therapy were identified: 1) educating the patient, behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training, 2) pharmacotherapy, 3) botulinum toxin injection and tibial nerve stimulation; and sacral nerve stimulation even though so far it has been used only in selected populations, 4) surgical intervention. The literature reports which provided supporting evidence and presented various aspects of the therapy were discussed. OAB pharmacotherapy-related issues which are vital in everyday clinical practice were presented. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic review of the available guidelines and an analysis of OAB (including urgency urinary incontinence) management were conducted. The Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians issued the guidelines for the therapeutic management of OAB patients. The need for an individualized approach was emphasized.

Predictive value of classification systems and single fistula-related factors in surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to find the most clinically useful vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) classification system or single fistula-related factor, which would be helpful in determining the most proper management leading to successful treatment. METHODS: Between 2018 and 2020, 30 patients were diagnosed with VVF and underwent the Latzko procedure. Nineteen patients, after previously failed surgery, were injected with platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) before a final attempt to close VVF. Patients with primary VVF were included into the surgery only group and patients with secondary VVF were included into PRP and surgery group. Each patient was classified according to 13 different classification systems. RESULTS: Statistical evaluation revealed some significant differences between the patients who required PRP injection and repeated surgery, compared with patients who were successfully treated at first surgery but only with Lawson, Waaldijk, Arrowsmith, and Tafesse classifications. Patients who succeded with the fistula closure after the first surgical procedure had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) when compared with patients who required PRP injection prior surgical procedure (30.9 vs. 25.7, respectively; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: None of the classification systems allows to precisely predict VVF surgery outcome. There are several factors such as previous surgery, lack of urethral involvement, lack of circumferential defect which might suggest that PRP injection would help to preserve watertightness of the closure. The most important finding is that overweight is the most positive predicting demographic feature of surgical success. Thus we may conclude that Martius flap technique should be taken into consideration in patients with low BMI.

Translation and validation of the Polish version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire short form 7.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to develop a Polish language version of the short form of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire 7 (PFIQ-7) and to validate it in a sample of Polish-speaking women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). METHODS: The PFIQ-7 was initially translated in a stepwise fashion as guided by the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) Translation Protocol. First, two bilingual physicians in Poland and the USA performed a forward translation of the PFIQ-7. Next, a community review process was undertaken consisting of one-on-one cognitive interviews with 20 patients. The translated questionnaire was then back translated into English. The final Polish version of the PFIQ-7 was subsequently administered to Polish-speaking patients presenting with PFDs at university-based urogynecology clinics in Poland and the USA along with a Polish version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20). Internal consistency and criterion validity were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 225 women with PFDs enrolled in this multicenter study. Complete data from 185 women in Poland and 40 primarily Polish-speaking women in the USA were analyzed. Participants had a mean age of 60.1 ± 11.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 27.9 ± 4.9. The Poland and United States cohorts did not vary significantly in age, BMI, or education level. PFIQ-7 internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha was good (0.93). Criterion validity was adequate between responses on the PFIQ-7 and PFDI-20 prolapse, colorectal, and urinary subscales (0.62-0.69, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of the PFIQ-7 is a reliable tool for evaluating pelvic floor symptoms in Polish-speaking women with PFDs.

Is voluntary pelvic floor muscles contraction important for sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders?

AIMS: To investigate relationships between pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and sexual function (SF) in sexually active (SA) and not-SA (NSA) women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD). METHODS: In 350 women with PFD: 173 (49.4%) SA, 177 (50.6%) NSA, Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)-Quantification, PFM tone, and strength were evaluated. Transperineal ultrasound (TPS) measured genital hiatus (GH) diameter, bladder neck (BN) movement. Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, IUGA-Revised (PISQ-IR), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used. SA women were dichotomized according to muscle strength (weak/strong) and tone (normal/hypoactive). RESULTS: FSFI scores reflected sexual dysfunction in 63.5% SA women. 32.2% partnered NSA stated PFD the reason for sexual inactivity. NSA women had higher POP stages and hypoactive PFM rates compared to SA: 72 (40.7%) vs 52 (30.1%), P = .04. TPS GH diameter did not differ between SA and NSA at rest, contraction, and did not correlate with SF. BN length was longer in SA at rest (15.0 ± 7.0 vs 13.1 ± 9.4, P = .03) and contraction (19.7 ± 7.0 vs 16.7 ± 10.2, P = .006); 30 (8.6%) subjects depressed BN during contraction. GH change at contraction correlated with Oxford Grading Scale (rps = 0.41; P < .001), and was smaller in women with nonfunctioning vs normal/underactive PFM (P < .001). Women with hypoactive PFM had lower SF in PISQ-IR Global quality and FSFI Desire domains vs normal tone. BN length at rest, contraction, and total mobility correlated with several PISQ-IR and FSFI domains. CONCLUSIONS: In SA women with PFD, lower rates of hypoactive PFM tone were found. The ability to contract PFM did not influence SF. Greater mobility of BN correlated with lower SF.

Validation of the Polish version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to develop a Polish language version of the short form of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and to validate it in a sample of Polish-speaking women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). METHODS: The PFDI-20 was initially translated in a stepwise fashion as guided by the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) Translation Protocol. After initial forward translation from English to Polish, a community review process consisting of cognitive interviews and confirmation via back translation was performed. The final Polish version of the PFDI-20 was administered to Polish-speaking patients presenting with PFDs at university-based urogynecology clinics in Poland and the United States, along with a Polish version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Internal consistency and criterion validity were assessed. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 100 patients after 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 254 women with PFDs enrolled in this multicenter study. Complete data from 44 Polish-speaking women in the United States and 200 women in Poland were analyzed. Participants had a mean age of 60.3 ± 11.2 years and mean body mass index (BMI) 27.6 ± 4.7. Internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha was good (0.89). Criterion validity was adequate between responses on the KHQ and PFDI-20 with Pearson correlations in particular domains (0.27-0.50, P < 0.05). Excellent test-retest reliability was demonstrated by intraclass correlation using a two-way mixed-effects model with absolute agreement (0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of the PFDI is a reliable tool for evaluating pelvic floor symptoms in Polish-speaking women with PFDs.

Predictors of sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence.

AIMS: To assess female sexual function (SF) in different grades of urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with/without pelvic organ prolapse (POP); to investigate associations between clinical data and pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ) scores. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in sexually active women (130 with SUI and 126 controls). Stamey score and POP quantification (POP-Q) were used. Urogynecological examinations were performed; all participants completed PISQ. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify negative SF predictors. RESULTS: SF was lower in the study group (P < 0.001), in moderate (P < 0.001), and severe SUI (P < 0.02) versus controls, in each particular domain and total PISQ-score (total score: 83.8 ± 14.8, 80.8 ± 14.5, 84.5 ± 11.1 vs 95.7 ± 10.3, respectively). Women with mild SUI had better SF in physical and partner-related domains compared to moderate SUI (33.6 ± 6.1 vs 30.7 ± 6.4, P < 0.02; 18.8 ± 2.9 vs 17.3 ± 3.3, P = 0.02, respectively). Age correlated with PISQ-scores in behavioral/emotive (r = -0.24, P = 0.006), and partner-related domains (r = -0.28, P = 0.002), and total PISQ-score (r = -0.2, P = 0.02); menopausal status with partner-related domain (r = -0.32, P = 0.000) and total PISQ-score (r = -0.19, P = 0.029); menopause duration with physical domain (r = 0.17, P = 0.045); SUI stage only with PISQ scores in physical domain (r = -0.22, P = 0.014). No correlations were found between BMI, parity, number of vaginal deliveries, POP-Q stages, with PISQ results. Age in the SUI group and controls (ß = -0.18, P < 0.05) and BMI in controls (ß = -0.26, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of impaired SF. CONCLUSIONS: Different SF predictors were found in SUI women and controls. Impaired SF was confirmed in SUI women compared to controls, with more severe SUI corresponding to lower SF.