RESUMO
Surgical smoke caused poor visibility during laparoscopic surgery, the smoke removal is important to improve the safety and efficiency of the surgery. We propose the Multilevel-feature-learning Attention-aware based Generative Adversarial Network for Removing Surgical Smoke (MARS-GAN) in this work. MARS-GAN incorporates multilevel smoke feature learning, smoke attention learning, and multi-task learning together. Specifically, the multilevel smoke feature learning adopts the multilevel strategy to adaptively learn non-homogeneity smoke intensity and area features with specific branches and integrates comprehensive features to preserve both semantic and textural information with pyramidal connections. The smoke attention learning extends the smoke segmentation module with the dark channel prior module to provide the pixel-wise measurement for focusing on the smoke features while preserving the smokeless details. And the multi-task learning strategy fuses the adversarial loss, cyclic consistency loss, smoke perception loss, dark channel prior loss, and contrast enhancement loss to help the model optimization. Furthermore, a paired smokeless/smoky dataset is synthesized for elevating smoke recognition ability. The experimental results show that MARS-GAN outperforms the comparative methods for removing surgical smoke on both synthetic/real laparoscopic surgical images, with the potential to be embedded in laparoscopic devices for smoke removal.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Fumaça , Semântica , Atenção , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
The mitochondrial DNA of Naumann's thrush Turdus naumanni (Passeriformes: Turdidae) is 16,750 bp long with A + T contents of 52.79%. It has typical circular mitochondrial genomes that encode the complete set of 37 genes which are usually found in birds. All protein-coding genes use the standard mitochondrial initiation codon ATG, except for ND2 and COI start with GTG. TAN is the most frequent stop codon, and AGN and T- - are also occurred very common. All tRNAs possess the classic clover leaf secondary structure except for tRNA(Ser(AGN)) and tRNA(Lys(CUN)), which lack the "DHU" stem, only forming a simple loop.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial/fisiologia , Passeriformes/genética , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Sequência de Bases , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA/genética , RNA Mitocondrial , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
The Grey-headed Lapwing (Vanellus cinereus) is a Vanellus bird belonging to the group Ciconiiformes, which breeds in northeast China and Japan. In this study, we sequenced its complete mitochondrial genome by PCR-based method. The mitochondrial DNA is packaged in a compact 17,135 based pair (bp) circular molecule with A + T content of 55.14%. It contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs and a non-coding control region (D-loop). All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATG codon, except for the COI gene and ND5 gene starting with GTG codon, and ND3 uses ATC codon. TAA is the most frequent stop codon. All tRNAs possess the classic cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNA(Ser(AGY)) and tRNA(Leu(CUN)), which lack the ''DHU'' stem. The D-loop is a 1563 bp long A + T-rich region, which is located between tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Phe).
Assuntos
Charadriiformes/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Charadriiformes/classificação , Códon/genética , Ordem dos Genes , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/química , RNA de Transferência/genética , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
The Grey nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka is a species of migratory nightjar found in East Asia. In this study, we determined its complete mtDNA by PCR-based method. The mitochondrial genome of Caprimulgus jotaka is a 17,536 bp circular molecule with the A + T content of 53.82%, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs) and a non-coding control region (D-loop). All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATG codon, except for the ND1 gene starts with GTG codon, and ND3 uses ATA codon. TAA is the most frequent stop codon. All tRNAs possess the classic cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNA(Ser(AGY)) and tRNA(Leu(CUN)), which lacks the ''DHU'' stem. The D-loop is a 1969 bp long AT-rich region, which located between tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Phe).
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Estrigiformes/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Ordem dos Genes , Genes Mitocondriais , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
In this study we report the complete mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence from Cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus, a large raptorial bird species of Falconiformes. The mtDNA is a 17,811-bp circular molecule with a total A+T content of 54.03%. The mitochondrial genome contains 37 genes and an extra pseudo-control region. The gene arrangement pattern is identical to Buteo and Falco, which has remnant CR2 gene order. All protein-coding genes use the standard mitochondrial initiation codon ATN, except for COI start with GTG. Of the 13 protein coding genes, 11 stop with TAN, the COI and ND1 stop with AGG. All tRNAs possess the classic clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN) and tRNALys (CUN), which lacks the "DHU" stem, only forming a simple loop. The non-coding region contains some intergenic spacers, a control region and an extra pseudo-control region.
Assuntos
Falconiformes/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Animais , Composição de Bases , Ordem dos Genes , Tamanho do GenomaRESUMO
The mitochondrial genome of Brown wood owl is a 16,308-bp circular molecule, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs) and a 741-bp A+T-rich region. Its gene arrangement pattern is identical with typical bird species. All protein-coding genes start with an ATG codon. TAA is the most frequent stop codon, and TAG and T- are also occurred very common. The mtDNA sequence contains 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA of rRNA. Except for tRNA(Ser) ((AGY)) and tRNA(Leu) ((CUN)) without the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm, all tRNAs could be folded into canonical cloverleaf secondary structures.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Estrigiformes/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases , Ordem dos Genes , Genes Mitocondriais , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
The scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus) is an endangered bird species on the IUCN Red List with the estimated global population of less than 2,500 individuals at present. In the present study, we studied the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the phylogenetic of M. squamatus by PCR amplification and GenBank data. The genome was 16,595 bp in length and contained 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs) and a non-coding control region (D-loop). All protein-coding genes of M. squamatus mtDNA start with a typical ATG codon, except ND1, COI, and COII uses GTG as their initial codon. TAA, T- and TAG as the terminate codon occurred very commonly in the sequence. All tRNA genes can be folded into canonical cloverleaf secondary structure except for tRNA(Ser) (AGY) and tRNA(Leu) (CUN), which lose ''DHU'' arm. The genome sequences had been deposited in GenBank under accession number HQ833701. Based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of mtDNA genes (Cyt b and D-loop), we reconstructed phylogenetic trees and discussed the phylogenetic relationships among ten Anatidae species. The results are different from the present classification, and we support Lophodytes cucullatus and Mergullus albellus to be members of the genus Mergus.
