Sonographic findings of hepatic venous gas in association with spontaneous rupture of a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a case report.

Hepatic venous gas (HVG) is a very rare ultrasonic finding, and it is defined as abnormal accumulation of gas in the hepatic venous system. Various diseases can cause HVG, and femoral venous catheter is the most common cause. We, herein, present the case of a 79-year-old female patient with HVG that was caused by spontaneous rupture of a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. This was first found by bedside ultrasonography. On the basis of the blood culture results, imipenem-cilastatin and cefoperazone sulbactam were administered and the effect was acceptable. After 41 days of antibacterial and symptomatic treatment in the hospital, the patient had recovered well and was discharged. All of the previous reports on HVG have been summarized by thoroughly reviewing the previous published work. Overall, this is the first patient with HVG in association with spontaneous rupture of a K. pneumoniae liver abscess, and it might provide insights for future studies regarding the treatment of this disease.

Inhibitory effect of the mitogen activated protein kinase specific inhibitor PD98059 on Mtb-Ag-activated Î³Î´Τ cells.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to observe the inhibitory effects of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) specific inhibitor PD98059 on Mtb-Ag activated Î³Î´Τ cells and to investigate the role of MAPK in MAPK/ERK pathway of Î³Î´Τ cells activated by Mtb-Ag. METHODS: Healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was isolated from the peripheral blood, and then stimulated by phorbol esters (PMA), ionomycin (IM) and Mtb-Ag. PBMC of the experimental group was pretreated by PD98059 of 0, 1, 10 or 100 µmol/L while the control group was given no pretreatment. Flow cytometry was applied to detect the expression of CD69 in Î³Î´Τ cells at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment respectively. The influence of PD98059 on the amplification of Î³Î´Τ cells was also detected. RESULTS: After stimulated by PMA and IM for 6 hours, the expression of CD69 in Î³Î´Τ reached the peak of (99.3±1.09)%, while in the Mtb-Ag stimulation group, it reached the highest level of 75.2% at 24 hours. The level of CD69 in two group was significant difference between the two groups at each time respectively (p<0.05). Pretreated with PD98059 of 0, 1, 10, 100 µmol/L, the level of CD 69 expression in Mtb-Ag stimulated Î³Î´Τ was 79±0.8%, 75±0.7%, 54±0.5% and 17±0.2% respectively; In PMA+IM stimulated group, CD69 expression were all more than 98% in different concentration of PD98059. After treated with PD98059 of 0, 1, 10, 100 µmol/L, total cell number increased from 1.5×106 to (10.3±2.5)×106, (9.5±2.1)×106, (5.8±1.8)×106 and (2.1±0.5)×106 respectively. Number of Î³Î´Τ cells reached to (6.2±0.9)×106, (5.02±0.8)×106, (2.05±0.5)×106 and (0.41±0.1)×106 respectively. CONCLUSION: Î³Î´Τ cells were specifically activated by Mtb-Ag, and the activation was depended on MAPK/ERK pathway. The activation effects of Mtb-Ag on Î³Î´Τ cells can be obviously inhibited by PD98059.