4-OI Protects MIN6 Cells from Oxidative Stress Injury by Reducing LDHA-Mediated ROS Generation.

Pancreatic beta cells are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in diabetes outcomes. Progress has been slow to identify molecules that could be utilized to enhance cell survival and function under oxidative stress. Itaconate, a byproduct of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The effects of itaconate on beta cells under oxidative stress are relatively unknown. We explored the effects of 4-octyl itaconate-a cell-permeable derivative of itaconate-on MIN6 (a beta cell model) under oxidative stress conditions caused by hypoxia, along with its mechanism of action. Treatment with 4-OI reversed hypoxia-induced cell death, reduced ROS production, and inhibited cell death pathway activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in MIN6 cells. The 4-OI treatment also suppressed lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)activity, which increases under hypoxia. Treatment of cells with the ROS scavenger NAC and LDHA-specific inhibitor FX-11 reproduced the beneficial effects of 4-OI on MIN6 cell viability under oxidative stress conditions, confirming its role in regulating ROS production. Conversely, overexpression of LDHA reduced the beneficial effects exerted by 4-OI on cells. Our findings provide a strong rationale for using 4-OI to prevent the death of MIN6 cells under oxidative stress.

A randomized control study on anesthetic effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with propofol on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anesthetic effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with propofol on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation. METHODS: Sixty patients (SA grade: I-II) who underwent microwave ablation for liver cancer in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into a study group and a control group (n=30) that were anesthetized through target-controlled infusion of propofol combined with intravenous infusion of flurbiprofen axetil and target-controlled infusion of propofol alone, respectively. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), numerical rating scale (NRS) score, adverse reactions and anesthetic effects (induction time, recovery time) of the two groups were compared before anesthesia (T0), at the beginning of puncture (T1), at the beginning of microwave ablation (T2), at the end of microwave ablation (T3) and one hour after surgery (T4). RESULTS: MAP and HR of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) at T2. There was no difference in SpO2 between the two groups (P>0.05). The anesthesia induction time and recovery time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the NRS score between the two groups at T1 (P>0.05), but the study group had lower scores at T2-T4 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative adverse reactions was 13.33% in the study group and 46.67% in the control group, with a significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Flurbiprofen axetil in combination with propofol exert evident anesthetic effects on patients with liver cancer receiving microwave ablation. The time of preoperative anesthesia induction and postoperative recovery time can be markedly shortened, and intraoperative vital signs can be maintained stable. This method is thus worthy of clinical promotion.

Multidisciplinary team approach on a case of bronchopleural fistula after video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy: a case report.

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is one of the most severe complications after lung surgery including pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and segmentectomy. BPF is dangerous and complicated. We reported a case of 41-year-old man who underwent a segmentectomy of the right lung through video-assisted thoracoscopy. The patient was diagnosed with BPFs by CT and the symptom of fever, cough with malodorous yellow phlegm. The patient underwent CT-guided thoracic catheter drainage treatment, as advised by a multidisciplinary team including experts from the thoracic surgery department, respiratory medicine department, and interventional department. Later, the patient underwent assisted postural drainage in combination with anti-infection treatment and nutritional support treatment. The patient recovered well. The patient's symptoms were completely relieved. The bronchial stump fistula healed, and the chest abscess disappeared.

Totally implantable venous access devices: The supraclavicular percutaneous approach and early complications.

BACKGROUND: The background of this study was to explore the success rate and early complications concerning the implantation of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) by percutaneous venipuncture and management strategies for early complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 1923 patients who received TIVAD implantation by percutaneous venipuncture (mostly via the supraclavicular route). The percutaneous access sites were internal jugular vein (810 patients; right/left: 158/652) or proximal right internal jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, and proximal subclavian vein (1113 patients). Success rates and early complications related to TIVAD placement techniques were summarized, and strategies for managing complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: In 627 patients, TIVAD implantation was first performed by interventional radiologists using a "blind" approach relying on anatomical landmarks, having a 91.9% success rate. In contrast, there was a 100% success rate among the remaining 1296 patients who received ultrasound-guided implantation, a difference which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Ultrasound-guided implantation was also successful for the 51 patients for whom the first attempt failed using the blind technique. Further, we found that the incidence of early complications was 5.41% (104/1923) and that the occurrence of immediate complications was significantly higher in the blind technique group compared to the ultrasound-guided group (37 vs. 12; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is safe and feasible to implant TIVADs by supraclavicular venipuncture. Ultrasound guidance combined with X-ray monitoring during operation significantly improves the surgery success rate and reduces the risk of early complications. Unclear anatomical landmarks and vascular variation are the main factors affecting success using a blind (nonguided) technique.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Right Brachiocephalic and Right Subclavian Vein Cannulation in Adult Patients.

OBJECTIVES: To compare ultrasound-guided right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) central venous catheter (CVC) placement to right subclavian vein (SCV) CVC insertion in terms of the puncture success rate and complications. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all adult patients who received an ultrasound-guided CVC via the right BCV or right SCV access route between January 2016 and March 2018. The puncture success rates and procedure-related complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 755 adult patients who underwent 915 CVC insertions. The overall success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (98.99% versus 96.87%; P = .019). The first-attempt success rate was higher in the BCV group compared to that in the SCV group (96.64% versus 89.34%; P < .001). Intraoperative complications were observed in 16 cases in the BCV group (2.68%) and in 12 cases in the SCV group (3.76%). The incidence rates of postprocedure complications were 5.20% in the BCV group and 6.58% in the SCV group and included catheter-related infections and thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the right BCV is an effective and safe method for CVC placement in adult patients and provides an additional option for catheter access.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Bombyx lemeepauli (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and its phylogenetic relationship.

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Bombyx lemmepauli Lemée has been sequenced with 15,801 bp in length (Genbank no. KY620270), and has a base composition of A (43.17%), G (7.40%), C (11.90%), and T (37.86%). Similar to other bombyciod species, it contains a typically conserved structure including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. Excepting cox1 started with CGA, the start codons of the other 12 PCGs were ATN. Eleven of the 13 PCGs ended with TAA, expect for cox1 and cox2, which ended with a single T. The complete mitogenome sequence provided here would be useful for further understanding the evolutional position of B. lemeepauli, which is a key species to relate the famous resource insect B. mori and the important insect pest Rondotia menciana (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Dendrolimus kikuchii (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae).

As a serious forest pest on coniferous trees, Dendrolimus kikuchii has caused widespread concern in China. Here, its complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been sequenced with 15,382 bp in length. The mitogenome has a base composition of A (40.87%), T (37.83%), C (13.43%), and G (7.87%), and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and an A + T-rich region. The phylogenetic relationships among the lasiocampid species were (Trabala vishnou+ ((Apatelopteryx phenax+ Euthrix laeta) + (Dendrolimus kikuchii+ (D. spectabilis+ (D. tabulaeformis + D. punctatus))))), which were supported by a posterior probability of 1.00 and a high bootstrap value of 100%.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oberthueria lunwan (Lepidoptera: Oberthuerinae).

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Oberthueria lunwan Zolotuhin & Wang, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Oberthuerinae) is reported for the first time. The entire mitogenome is a circular DNA molecule of 15,673 bp in length (GenBank accession number: MF100143), consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) genes, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) genes, and a control region (A + T-rich region). The phylogenetic trees are based on 13 PCGs amino acid sequences of 31 related lepidopteran species in which mitogenome sequences were constructed. The Oberthuerinae consisting of O. lunwan+Andraca theae was strongly supported as a monophyletic clade by the posterior probability of 1.00 and the bootstrap value of 100%, but the relationships among Oberthuerinae, Bombycidae, Satruniidae, and Sphingidae are need to be further confirmed.

Analysis on the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Andraca theae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea).

The bombycid moth, Andraca theae (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) is an important pest of tea in southeastern China. In the present study, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of A. theae was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The complete mitogenome of A. theae, encoding 37 genes, was 15,737 bp in length (Genbank no. KX365419), and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and an adenine (A) + thymine (T)-rich region (AT-rich region). The gene order of A. theae mitogenome was typical for Lepidoptera mitogenomes. Except for cox1, which started with CGA, all other 12 PCGs started with ATN. Eleven of the 13 PCGs ended with TAA, expect for cox1 and cox2, which ended with a single T. The maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian method were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationship among 22 representative bombycoid species with a matrix consisting of the 13 PCGs of the mitogenomes of the 22 species. The topological structures of the two phylogenetic trees we constructed were almost identical, with the results indicating that the bombycid species, including A. theae, clustered into a single clade with a bootstrap value of 58% and a posterior probability of 0.98. The phylogenetic relationship among the Bombycoidea species analyzed was Lasiocampidae + (Bombycidae + (Saturniidae + Sphingidae)) which was supported by a high bootstrap value of 100% and a posterior probability of 1.00.