Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells improves locomotion deficits in rats with spinal cord irradiation injury.

Demyelination contributes to the functional impairment of irradiation injured spinal cord. One potential therapeutic strategy involves replacing the myelin-forming cells. Here, we asked whether transplantation of Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are derived from Olig2-GFP-mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), could enhance remyelination and functional recovery after spinal cord irradiation injury. We differentiated Olig2-GFP-mESCs into purified Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs and transplanted them into the rats' cervical 4-5 dorsal spinal cord level at 4 months after irradiation injury. Eight weeks after transplantation, the Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs survived and integrated into the injured spinal cord. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the grafted Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs primarily differentiated into adenomatous polyposis coli (APC(+)) oligodendrocytes (54.6±10.5%). The staining with luxol fast blue, hematoxylin & eosin (LFB/H&E) and electron microscopy demonstrated that the engrafted Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs attenuated the demyelination resulted from the irradiation. More importantly, the recovery of forelimb locomotor function was enhanced in animals receiving grafts of Olig2(+)-GFP(+)-OPCs. We concluded that OPC transplantation is a feasible therapy to repair the irradiated lesions in the central nervous system (CNS).

Comparison of the NCI-CTCAE version 4.0 and version 3.0 in assessing chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

To compare the role of CTCAE version 4.0 (v4.0) and version 3.0 (v3.0) in assessing chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). Patients with LA-NPC were recruited into the study. All eligible participants received docetaxel and cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy followed by intensity modulated radiation therapy concurrent with cisplatin. OM was assessed before and weekly during radiotherapy (RT), using CTCAE v3.0 (clinical exam) and v4.0 separately. OM-related quality of life (QOL) was also evaluated in these patients with the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire - Head and Neck module (QLQ-H&N35). From June 2010 to February 2011, 23 eligible patients were enrolled. A highly significant correlation (rho=0.838, p=0.000) and a non-significant difference (p=0.167) in OM grades were found between the two CTCAE versions. However, the trend lines showed that the mean grade determined by CTCAE v3.0 reached a plateau while the mean grade determined by v4.0 continued to increase after the fourth week during RT. Changing trends of several QOL subscale mean scores were similar to that of OM mean grade evaluated by CTCAE v4.0. Both grades of the two CTCAE versions were significantly and positively correlated with scores of several QOL subscales. Nonetheless, the correlation coefficients related to CTCAE v4.0 were higher than those related to v3.0 (rho: 0.727-0.865 versus 0.727-0.778). CTCAE v4.0 could serve as a good surrogate for v3.0 (clinical exam) in assessing chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis. Moreover, CTCAE v4.0 has a few subtle advantages over v3.0 under some circumstances such as delegating QOL. However, there is still no "gold standard" assessment scale for oral mucositis. Therefore, the appropriate tool should be carefully chosen according to the purpose of assessment.