Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass: a retrospective, single-center study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on acute kidney injury (AKI) after on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB). METHODS: Patients who underwent elective ONCAB for coronary heart disease were included. NLR was calculated according to the results of preoperative routine blood test, patients were divided into non-AKI and AKI groups, and the differences in clinical baseline data between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: A total of 154 patients were included in this study, including 57 (37%) with postoperative AKI and 97 (63%) without AKI. Compared with the patients in non-AKI group, those in AKI group had higher NLR (2.63 (1.83, 3.505) vs. 2.06 (1.7, 2.56), p = 0.002), higher serum creatinine (78 (67, 98.5) vs. 70.9 ± 16.8 umol/L, p < 0.001), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and longer aortic cross clamp time. After dividing patient into tertiles based on NLR, those with higher NLR had higher risk of postoperative AKI than those with lower NLR (30% vs. 25% vs. 55.8%, p for trend = 0.003). Patients in Tertile2 and Tertile3 had higher NLR compared to those in Tertile1 (p < 0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed patients with elevated preoperative NLR and blood creatinine had higher risk of postoperative AKI. ROC curve showed that patients' preoperative NLR combined with blood creatinine had better predictive value for postoperative AKI. CONCLUSION: Elevated preoperative NLR is associated with AKI after ONCAB, and had prognostic utility independent of other recognized risk factors.

Expression of miR-3189-3p in renal carcinoma and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of renal carcinoma cells / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression difference of miR-3189-3p in renal cancer tissue and adjacent tissue and its effect on the biological function of renal cancer cells.Methods:quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of miR-3189-3p in renal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, renal cancer cell lines (Caki-1, ACHN, A498, OS-RC-2) and normal renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2. miR-NC or miR-3189-3p mimics were transfected into renal cancer cells with the lowest expression of miR-3189-3p, respectively, named miR-NC group and miR-3189-3p group. The effects of miR-3189-3p on the proliferation and invasion of renal cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 method and Transwell migration experiment. miRanda and miRTarBase software was used to predict the downstream gene of miR-3189-3p. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the downstream gene of miR-3189-3p. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of miR-3189-3p downstream gene. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups. Results:The relative expression of miR-3189-3p in renal cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue was 1.97±0.61 and 6.19±0.73, respectively, and the relative expression of miR-3189-3p in renal cancer tissue was lower than that in paracancerous tissue ( P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-3189-3p in renal cancer cell lines was lower than that in HK-2 cells ( P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-3189-3p in OS-RC-2 cells was the lowest ( P<0.01). The relative expression levels of miR-3189-3p in OS-RC-2 cells in the miR-NC group and miR-3189-3p group were 1.01±0.11 and 9.27±1.43, respectively, and the relative expression levels of miR-3189-3p in the miR-NC group significantly lower than the miR-3189-3p group ( P<0.01). Compared with the miR-NC group, the proliferation ability of OS-RC-2 cells with high expression of miR-3189-3p was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). The numbers of penetrating cells in the miR-NC group and miR-3189-3p group were 165.40±17.02 and 41.07±6.36, respectively, and the invasive ability of OS-RC-2 cells in the miR-3189-3p group was significantly reduced ( P<0.01). The target gene of miR-3189-3p is Aquaporin 3 ( AQP3) and miR-3189-3p can target AQP3 mRNA ( P<0.01). Compared with the miR-NC group, the expression of AQP3 gene in the high-expressing miR-3189-3p cells was significantly reduced at both the mRNA level and the protein level ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The expression of miR-3189-3p is down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma. High expression of miR-3189-3p can significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of renal cell carcinoma OS-RC-2 cells. The molecular mechanism is that miR-3189-5p targets and inhibits the expression of AQP3 gene.

Thirty-six critical cases of emergency helicopter transferring between hospitals / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To summarize critical cases of emergency helicopter transferring between hospitals and improve the quality and safety of critical care.Methods:The task records of Guangxi Aviation Medical Rescue Training Base from September 2017 to September 2020 were retrieved. The mission acceptance, implementation results, disease spectrum composition, pre-transfer preparation and medical intervention on board were summarized.Results:① General information: a total of 168 patients of helicopter transfer requests were registered, of which 36 patients were transferred, 35 patients were successful, 1 patient had cardiac arrest during the landing phase, and died several hours after continuous resuscitation. Of the 36 patients 30 were males and 6 were females, with median age of 50.5 (29.8, 66.0) years old, the average transfer time was (54.95±17.89) minutes, and the average transfer distance was (205.74±74.68) km. ② Disease spectrum included 11 cases of stroke (30.55%), 7 cases of trauma (19.45%), 5 cases of severe pneumonia (13.89%), 5 cases of heart and macro-vascular diseases (13.89%), 5 cases of abdominal emergency (13.89%), and 3 other conditions (8.33%).③ Severity: 31 patients (86.11%) were severe (≥15) according to acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score; 19 patients (52.78%) were high-risk emergency transport (≥6) according to Hamilton early warning score (HEWS); 6 patients (85.71% of trauma patients) were severe trauma (≥16) according to injury severity score (ISS). ④ Preparation before transfer: remote consultation was carried out to evaluate the latest state of the patient's condition, especially the respiratory and circulatory conditions. Relevant items were reviewed and emergency treatments were implemented when necessary. Targeted preparation was made for accidents that might occur during transfer, such as electrocardiogram (94.44%), blood gas analysis (94.44%), brain CT (36.11%) and other auxiliary examinations, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy (72.22%), deep vein catheterization (91.67%), placement of gastric tube (86.11%) and urinary tube (88.89%), adjustment of sedative (38.89%), vasoactive drugs (58.33%) and drugs for dehydration and lowering intracranial pressure (33.33%), and fixation of fracture (11.11%), etc. ⑤ On-board medical intervention: cardiac monitoring, blood pressure, respiration and blood oxygen monitoring were carried out in all patients. The parameters of patients using ventilator were adjusted in time (66.67%). The dosage of patients using micropump was adjusted in time (91.67%). Other aspects included the use of sedative and analgesics (38.89%), sputum suction nursing (75.00%), all kinds of catheter nursing (endotracheal intubation/incision nursing of 72.22%, indwelling catheter nursing of 88.89%), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patient with cardiac arrest (2.78%).Conclusion:As the patients transferred by helicopter are mainly those of critically ill at this stage, the requirements for airborne medical equipment and rescue technology are high, and there is an urgent need to establish technical specifications and personnel training standards.

Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan -implications for the ability to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

BackgroundIt is to be determined whether people infected with SARS-CoV-2 will develop long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and retain long-lasting protective antibodies after the infection is resolved. This study was to explore to explore the outcomes of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in four groups of individuals in Wuhan, China. MethodsWe included the following four groups of individuals who received both COVID-19 IgM/IgG tests and RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 from February 29, 2020 to April 29, 2020: 1470 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from Leishenshan Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, and Wuhan No. 7 Hospital, 3832 healthcare providers without COVID-19 diagnosis, 19555 general workers, and 1616 other patients to be admitted to the hospital (N=26473). COVID-19 patients who received IgM/IgG tests <21 days after symptom onset were excluded. ResultsIgG prevalence was 89.8% (95% CI 88.2-91.3%) in COVID-19 patients, 4.0% (95% CI 3.4-4.7%) in healthcare providers, 4.6 (95% CI 4.3-4.9 %) in general workers, and 1.0% in other patients (p all <0.001 for comparisons with COVID-19 patients). IgG prevalence increased significantly by age among healthcare workers and general workers. Prevalence of IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was 31.4% in COVID-19 patients, 1.5% in healthcare providers, 1.3% in general workers, and 0.2% in other patients. ConclusionsVery few healthcare providers had IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, though a significant proportion of them had been infected with the virus. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, people are unlikely to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against this virus. Primary Funding SourcesPart of the study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC0845500). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the sponsors. Role of the Funder/SponsorThe sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript, and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Data and code availability statementData and analyses codes are available from the corresponding authors on request. All request for raw and analyzed data and materials will be reviewed by the corresponding authors to verify whether the request is subject to any intellectual property or confidentiality obligations. Access will be granted after a signed data access agreement is attained.

Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China

BackgroundSince December 2019, acute respiratory disease (ARD) due to 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. We sought to delineate the clinical characteristics of these cases. MethodsWe extracted the data on 1,099 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV ARD from 552 hospitals in 31 provinces/provincial municipalities through January 29th, 2020. ResultsThe median age was 47.0 years, and 41.90% were females. Only 1.18% of patients had a direct contact with wildlife, whereas 31.30% had been to Wuhan and 71.80% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (87.9%) and cough (67.7%) were the most common symptoms. Diarrhea is uncommon. The median incubation period was 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0 days). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the typical radiological finding on chest computed tomography (50.00%). Significantly more severe cases were diagnosed by symptoms plus reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction without abnormal radiological findings than non-severe cases (23.87% vs. 5.20%, P<0.001). Lymphopenia was observed in 82.1% of patients. 55 patients (5.00%) were admitted to intensive care unit and 15 (1.36%) succumbed. Severe pneumonia was independently associated with either the admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death in multivariate competing-risk model (sub-distribution hazards ratio, 9.80; 95% confidence interval, 4.06 to 23.67). ConclusionsThe 2019-nCoV epidemic spreads rapidly by human-to-human transmission. Normal radiologic findings are present among some patients with 2019-nCoV infection. The disease severity (including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood leukocyte/lymphocyte count and chest X-ray/CT manifestations) predict poor clinical outcomes.

The function of tumor-derived exosomes.

Exosomes, especially the tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), are extracellular vesicles released by many kinds of cells, which are involved in several biological and pathological processes. Their contents mainly include DNA, RNA and proteins. The message could be transmitted in neighboring or distant cells by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a main intercellular communication regulator because they are involved and interact with intracellular signaling pathways. Exosomes can be detected in the tumor microenvironment, and there is growing evidence that TDEs are active in tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, as well as immune responses and drug resistance. All of the functions mentioned above make it clear that exosomes have an important role in tumors. This review focuses on the origin and structure of TDEs and their important biological functions in the environment due to cell-to-cell intercellular communication.

The protective effect of psychological suzhi on the relationship between school climate and alcohol use among Chinese adolescents.

Background: There issome research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in the Western social context; however, there is no research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in China. This study aimed to explore the effect of school climate on Chinese adolescents' alcohol use, and the moderating role of psychological suzhi between them. Methods: A total of 801 adolescents (45.8% boys, 14.96±1.66 years) completed self-reports on school climate, psychological suzhi, and alcohol use. Results: Moderation analyses revealed that both school climate and psychological suzhi significantly negatively predicted adolescents' alcohol use, and the interaction of school climate and psychological suzhi significantly positively predicted adolescents' alcohol use. Moreover, the effect of school climate on adolescents' alcohol use was stronger for low psychological suzhi adolescents than high psychological suzhi adolescents. Conclusions: We can build good school climate by formulating of national level legal and regulations and good social norms, and use mature interventions or cultivation strategies to improve adolescents' psychological suzhi in order to better play its role in protection.

Study of exogenous uniconazole on alleviating low-temperatuer stress of coix seedlings / 中国中药杂志

The aim of the study is to explore exogenous S3307 on alleviating low-temperature stress of coix seedlings. The coix cultivar, "No 5 Yiliao", was selected as the plant material, through nutrient solution cultivating in greenhouse, the effect of different S3307 concentrations(1, 3, 5, 7, 9 mg·L~(-1)) on coix seedlings traits and physiological indicators were explored under low-temperature stress. The results showed, under low-temperature 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could significantly increase coix seedlings stem diameter and biomass, which stem diameter and above-ground biomass, low-ground biomass separately were enhanced 11.90%, 13.59%, 10.99%. Leaf width and lateral root number separately were enhanced 7.63%, 37.52%. Meanwhile, addition of 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could significantly reduce relative conductivity and MDA, separately being reduced 23.33%, 17.42% compared to CKL. S3307 could also significantly increase soluble sugar and proline content, which leaf soluble sugar and proline content separately were enhanced 17.16%, 11.87%, which root soluble sugar and proline content separately were enhanced 20.00%, 33.42%. Additionally, S3307 could alleviate the cells destroy in ultra-structure level by improving cell membrane structure and chloroplast capsule layer structure. 5 mg·L~(-1) S3307 could enhance the low temperature tolerance of coix seedlings by regulating the growth and physiological indexes, and thus alleviate the damage caused by low-temperature to the coix seedlings.

Assembly of a series of coordination polymers built from rigid a tetracarboxylate ligand and flexible bis(imidazole) linker: syntheses, structural diversities, luminescence sensing, and photocatalytic properties.

Hydrothermal reactions of aromatic terphenyl-4,2'',5'',4'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4tta) and transitional metal cations in the presence of two flexible N-donor ancillary ligands afforded four novel coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn(tta)0.5(m-bimb)]·H2O}n (1), [Ni2(tta)(m-bimb)2(H2O)]n (2), [Ni(H2tta)(o-bimb)·H2O]n (3), and [Cd(tta)0.5(o-bimb)]n (4), from solvothermal reactions in the presence of bis(imidazole) bridging linkers (m-bimb = 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, and o-bimb = 1,2-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene). Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses (EA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Compound 1 displayed a 2-fold 3D → 3D parallel entangled (4,4)-connected bbf net with the point symbol of (64·82)(66)2. Compound 2 featured a predocumented 3D (4,8)-connected (32·53·6)(34·44·59·611) net. Compound 3 exhibited a 2D 4-connected sql sheet with the point symbol of (44·62), and compound 4 showed a 2D 4-connected (32·62·72) kgm sheet. To our delight, fluorescence measurements showed that compound 1 could selectively and sensitively detect Cr3+ cations and nitrobenzene derivatives (nitrobenzene (NB), p-nitrotoluene (PNT), and p-nitroaniline (PNA)), which suggested that CPs of 1 was a promising bifunctional luminescence sensor material that could sense metal ions and small organic molecules. Moreover, 1 showed excellent photocatalytic activity.

Content Determination of As and Hg of Lilium Lancifolium Samples from Longshan County by AFS / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analyze and discuss the content determination of As and Hg from Lilium Lancifolium in Longshan County; To optimize microwave digestion conditions. Methods Automatic microwave digestion appratus was used. Lilium Lancifolium samples from Longshan County were digested in teflon microwave tube with HNO3-H2O2, and As and Hg were measured with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Results The content of As was in the range of 0.031–0.507 mg/kg, and the highest content of Hg was 0.024 mg/kg. The regression equation was Y=221.23X+170.72(r=0.995 9),Y=503.52X-682.43,(r=0.999 2).For the production base,the recoveries of As and Hg were 94.32% and 92.48% in the samples, and RSD were 2.14% and 2.70%; for the breeding base, the recoveries of As and Hg were 94.95% and 93.52% in the samples, and RSD were 1.15% and 1.97%. Conclusion The method is simple and reliable, which can be used to the content determination of As and Hg from Lilium Lancifolium, and provide references for the choice of base of production and breeding of Lilium Lancifolium in Longshan County.

Comparison of effectiveness between two different modes of surgical intervention for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage in hypertensive patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the efficacy of two different modes of surgical intervention for the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH):YL-1 type hematoma removed by needle aspiration plus bio-enzyme liquefaction versus conventional craniectomy plus hematoma evacuation.Methods Medical records of 23 patients with HICH treated from December 2012 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The differences in demographics,length of operation time,costs and length of hospital stay,Glasgow Outcome Scale scores and 3-month follow-up results were compared between the YL-1 type hematoma removed by needle aspiration plus bio-enzyme liquefaction in 12 patients and conventional craniectomy plus hematoma evacuation in 11 patients.Results There were no significant differences in the gender (male 58.33％ vs.63.64％,femal 41.67％ vs.36.36％),age (65.5±11.8 years vs.56.8±10.1 years),preoperative GCS (6.83±3.93 vs.5.82±3.40),intracranial hematoma volume (50.52±23.07 mL vs.68.77±11.18 mL) and length of hospital stay (15.58±14.72 days vs.22.45±18.37 days) (P＞0.05);There were statistically significant differences in length of operation time (0.73±0.21 h vs.3.92±0.67 h) and hospitalization costs (45 230.50±36 566.88 yuan of RMB vs.79 857.90±34 916.48 yuan of RMB) between two groups (P＜0.05);Follow-up 3 months,there were no significant differences in rate of good recovery 33.3％ vs.18.1％,severe disability rate (25.0％ vs.27.3％) and mortality rate (41.7％ vs.54.6％) between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions The minimally invasive YL-1 type hematoma aspiration procedure with bio-enzyme liquefaction as a minimally invasive surgery may be superior to conventional craniectomy for treating HICH because it can offer shorter operation time,more accurate hematoma localization,lower risk of injury,and lower hospitalization costs.In particular,the procedure is suitable for elderly,frail,and poor general condition patients.It can also be applied as emergency treatment for HICH.

Prognostic value of human papillomavirus infection and p53, p16, epidermal growth factor receptor and p34cdc2 expression in patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between HPV infection, p53, p16, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p34cdc2 protein expression and prognosis in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland. Totally 78 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland specimens were selected from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013 in Tangshan Union Hospital. PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization was used to detect infection of human papilloma virus (HPV), and SP immunohistochemical method was adopted to detect the expression of p53, p16, EGFR and p34cdc2 protein in the carcinoma tissues. Clinical data were collected and the patients were followed up. Results showed that the infection rate of HPV in adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues was 0% (0/78). The expression rate of p53, p16, EGFR and p34cdc2 protein in carcinoma tissues were 75.6% (59/78), 57.7% (45/78), 60.1% (47/78) and 64.1% (50/78), respectively. Expression of p53, p16, EGFR and p34cdc2 proteins was not significantly correlated with patients' age, gender, disease location, TNM classification and histological type (P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that EGFR-positive patients had a lower median overall survival than EGFR-negative ones (58 months vs. 75 months, respectively. P = 0.001). The result of median progression-free survival was virtually the same for both EGFR-positive and EGFR-negative patients (43 months vs. 49 months, respectively. P = 0.002). p34cdc2-positive patients had a lower median overall survival than p34cdc2-negative ones (61 months vs. 71 months, respectively. P = 0.027). Median progression-free survival was also almost the same for both p34cdc2-positive and p34cdc2-negative patients (44 months vs. 51 months, respectively. P = 0.011). Cox regression analysis showed that expression of EGFR and p34cdc2 was independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland (relative risk = 13.199, 11.466, P < 0.001). In conclusion, HPV infection is not detected in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. p53, p16, EGFR and p34cdc2 protein are positively expressed in most salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. p16 is unsuitable as a surrogate for HPV infection status in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland. Expression of EGFR and p34cdc2 is independent risk factors in the prognosis of patients with salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Patients with EGFR or p34cdc2 positive expression should be followed up closely.

Simultaneous Determination of Three Kinds of Effective Constituents in Cannabis Plants by Reversed-phase HPLC / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） method for simultaneous determination of three effective constituents, including tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）, cannabidiol （CBD） and cannabinol （CBN） in Cannabis plants.@*METHODS@#A C₁₈ column was used in this study, and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer （0.015 mol/L KH₂PO₄） was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. At a detection wavelength of 220 mm, UV absorption spectra were collected at the wavelength range of 190-400 nm, and the spectra and retention time were counted as qualitative evidence.@*RESULTS@#THC, CBD and CBN could be well separated by this method. Three components had good linear relationship in the range of 0.4-40 μg/mL （R²≥0.999 3）. The recoveries were over 87%. The limits of detection were 1.8 ng, 2.0 ng and 1.3 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviation （RSD） were less than 5% for both inter-day and intra-day precisions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Reversed-phase HPLC method is simple, rapid and accurate, and it is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of THC, CBD and CBN in Cannabis plants.

Biocompatibility of poly-L-lactic acid/Bioglass-guided bone regeneration membranes processed with oxygen plasma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare and characterize a nano-scale fibrous hydrophilic poly-L-lactic acid/ Bioglass (PLLA/BG) composite membrane and evaluate its biocompatibility as a composite membrane for guiding bone regeneration (GBR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PLLA/BG-guided bone regeneration membrane was treated by oxygen plasma to improved its hydrophilicity. The growth of MG-63 osteoblasts on the membrane was observed using Hoechst fluorescence staining, and the biocompatibility of the membrane was evaluated by calculating the cells adhesion rate and proliferation rate. Osteogenesis of MG-63 cells was assessed by detecting alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the formation of calcified nodules and cell morphology changes were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell adhesion rates of PLLA/BG-guided bone regeneration membrane treated with oxygen plasma were (30.570±0.96)%, (47.27±0.78)%, and (66.78±0.69)% at 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively, significantly higher than those on PLLA membrane and untreated PLLA/BG membrane (P<0.01). The cell proliferation rates on the 3 membranes increased with time, but highest on oxygen plasma-treated PLLA/BG membrane (P<0.01). Hoechst fluorescence staining revealed that oxygen plasma treatment of the PLLA/BG membrane promoted cell adhesion. The membranes with Bioglass promoted the matrix secretion of the osteoblasts. Under SEM, the formation of calcified nodules and spindle-shaped cell morphology were observed on oxygen plasma-treated PLLA/BG membrane.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oxygen plasma-treated PLLA/BG composite membrane has good biocompatibility and can promote adhesion, proliferation and osteogenesis of the osteoblasts.</p>

A study of early detection for 8 communicable diseases by control graph method in Songjiang district of Shanghai, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To select the premium alert threshold for major communicable disease by using the control graph alert technique based on the local disease information.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>8 major communicable diseases in Songjiang district were ascertained by analysis of the national early warning detection information system which include the other diarrhea, mumps, chickenpox, scarlet fever, rubella, hand foot mouth disease, influenza and dysentery; weekly reported cases from 2008 to 2011 were used to establish the early detection model (PERCENTILE (array, x), array (4×5), x = 0.05, 0.10…0.95) by moving percentile method, next applying the established early detection model and the golden standard (AKX(-)D ± 2s) to predict the expected weekly cases in 2012 respectively, and then ascertain the predict results by comparison with the actual weekly cases in 2012 respectively, finally the premium threshold was selected by comparison of the model predicted results with the golden standard predicted results after comprehensive consideration of the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The premium alert threshold for mumps, other diarrhea and rubella was P90, dysentery was P75, scarlet fever and chickenpox was P80, and the premium threshold for hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and influenza was P95, the sensitivity of 8 major communicable diseases were 100%, 100%, 86%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 94%, 100%, respectively; the specificities were 92%, 73%, 72%, 77%, 73%, 92%, 66%, 80%, respectively; the positive predictive values were 43%, 40%, 32%, 8%, 24%, 20%, 59%, 47%, respectively; and the negative predictive values were 100%, 100%, 97%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 96%, 100%, respectively. The national recommended alert thresholds for the 8 major communicable diseases were P80, except for chickenpox (P50) and HFMD (CUSUM).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>6 out of 8 major communicable diseases' early detection thresholds in Songjiang district should be adjusted according to the analysis results. Premium alert threshold selection need to consider the local disease report and the characteristics of infectious diseases to upgrade the early detection capability.</p>

Survey of different types of field epidemiology training programs in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current status,type,and effect of training programs conducted by Health Bureau and CDC in China.Methods One person of each province was selected from China field epidemiology training network and designated as contact person who was responsible for collecting information of field practical training lasting for at least 6 months for staff of public health emergency and infectious disease control in each province from October 2001 to October 2010.Questionnaire including basic condition,organization and management,training design,faculty condition,trainee condition and training outputs was designed and filled in by contact person.Results There were 35 training programs covering over 9 provinces in China.The first province and city FETP started in 2004,including Guangdong FETP,Zhejiang FETP,Hangzhou FETP,Ningbo FETP and Guizhou FETP.Thirty-five training programs had 355 mentors,22(6％)were CFETP graduates and 57 (16％)were local FETP graduates.All program funds were paid by local governments.The training programs included two parts,theoretical lectures and field practice,which occupying 10％-20％ and 80％-90％ of the whole training time,respectively.Among 6 evaluative items including emergency investigation,surveillance analysis,surveillance evaluation,planned investigation,investigation report and paper publication,most programs(50％-94％) had less than average one person per time.Conclusions Field epidemiology training program after several years of development in china achieves the certain scale.Some provincial programs are successful,but the effect and quality of training programs in different areas are uneven.We suggest optimizing of field epidemiology training resources and further expanding China field epidemiology training network.

The expressions of aquaporins in chronic stress depression model rat hippocampus and gastrointestinal mucosa / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the mechanisms of depression by exploring expressional differences of AQPs in the tissues of chronic stress depression rats.Methods Depression model was replicated by unpredicted chronic stress.20 rats were randomly separated into normal control group and model control group,AQP4 and AQP3,AQP8 expressions on hippocampus and gastrointestinal mucosa of rat model with depression were detected by immunochemical staining method.Results Means of optical density of AQP4 of normal group and model group hippocampus were 0.28 ± 0.02,0.22 ± 0.06 respectively,and the difference between two groups was significant statistically(t value was 2.756,P＜0.05).The expression of AQP3 on gastric mucosa and colonic mucosa between two groups had no significant statistically(t value were 1.814,1.812,P＞0.05).Two groups'means of optical density of AQP3 on small intestinal mucosa were 0.15 ± 0.02,0.17 ± 0.02,and the difference was significant statistically (t value was 2.769,P＜0.05).Two groups'means of AQP8 optical density in gastric mucosa were 0.15± 0.01,0.19 ± 0.04 ;0.16 ± 0.01 and 0.21 ± 0.04 in small intestinal mucosa;0.16 ± 0.01 and 0.22 ± 0.04 in colonic mucosa,and the differences were significant statistically(t values were 3.139,5.113,4.534,P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Conclusion The expression of AQP4 on depression model rat hippocampus are lower than those of the normal group ; and the expression of AQP3 on gastric mucosa and colonic mucosa are no change obviously,but it(')s up-regulation on small intestinal mucosa.The expressions of AQP8 on gastric mucosa and small intestinal mucosa and colonic mucosa are up-regulating.

Injection safety assessments in two Chinese provinces, 2001-2009: progress and remaining challenges.

In 2009, an assessment of injection practices in Fumeng County (Liaoning Province) and Wulong County (Chongqing Municipality) (random sample of 29 hospitals, 40 village clinics and 400 villagers) was conducted and the results were compared with a prior 2001 assessment (same area, same WHO assessment tool). In 2009, all facilities in Fumeng and Wulong used new, disposable syringes compared with 34% in both counties in 2001. Moreover, 59% (95% CI 37-80%) and 74% (95% CI 55-94%) of providers in Fumeng and Wulong, respectively, collected used sharps safely compared with 33% (95% CI 20-45%) and 36% (95% CI 20-53%) in 2001. In Fumeng and Wulong, respectively, 5% (95% CI 0-15%) and 50% (95% CI 25-76%) of facilities discarded injection devices in the regular trash compared with 7% (95% CI 2-12%) and 64% (95% CI 47-80%) in 2001. Between 2001 and 2009, the annual average number of injections per person increased from 1.8 to 6.3 (95% CI 4.5-8.1) in Fumeng and was stable [3.4 and 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-4.3)] in Wulong. Overall, between 2001 and 2009, sterilisable injection devices disappeared and disposal practices improved. However, unsafe practices persisted, which should be improved. Use of injections to administer medications may be increasing and must be reduced.

A survey of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula contaminated with melamine in two townships of Gansu, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the prevalence of urolithiasis in young children fed infant formula (IF) contaminated with melamine, and the association between IF consumption and urolithiasis.</p><p><b>DESIGN</b>A total of 2 733 children < or = 3 years of age on September 1, 2008 in two townships of Gansu Province, China were studied. Cases of urolithiasis were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Milk product consumption was determined by their caregivers. Remaining IF samples were tested for melamine and cyanuric acid.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 2 733 eligible children in the two townships, 2 186 (80%) were enrolled in our study. Overall, 16.6% (362) of 2 186 children had urolithiasis. The prevalence was 24.6% in children exclusively fed Sanlu brand IF, 9.7% in those fed other IF, and 8.5% in those fed exclusively on other milk products. For children exclusively breast-fed, no urolithiasis was found (P < 0.05). The prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.4% in children fed 400 g of Sanlu IF, rising to 37.5% in children fed over 25 600 g. Of 48 Sanlu IF samples, 91.7% contained melamine (median = 1 800 ppm; range = 45-4 700) and 66.7% contained cyanuric acid (median = 1.2 ppm; range = 0.4-6.3). Melamine was also detected in 22.2% of 36 other brand IF (median = 27.5 ppm, range = 4-50).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urolithiasis was associated with melamine-contaminated IF. Although one product caused most morbidity, other milk products may have also contributed to the outbreak.</p>