Copper sulfate induces clinico-hematological, oxidative stress, serum biochemical and histopathological changes in freshwater fish rohu (Labeo rohita).

Despite being an essential trace element for numerous metabolic processes and micronutrients, copper (Cu) has induced adverse effects on the environment and public health due to its continuous and widespread use for the last several decades. The current study assessed the hematological and histopathological alterations in the freshwater fish (Labeo rohita) exposed to graded concentrations of copper sulfate. For this purpose, L. rohita fish (n = 72), weighing ~200-215 g, were randomly divided into four experimental groups and then exposed to acute doses of CuSO4, i.e., control, 0.28, 0.42, and 0.56 µgL-1. For comparative analysis of hematological and biochemical changes, blood/serum samples were obtained on 12, 24, and 36 days. Overall, the body weight of fish decreased with the time and dose of CuSO4; as the dose increases, body weight decreases. Dose and time-dependent results were observed in other parameters also. Results showed a significant increase in leukocytes, whereas red blood cells count, Hb, and Hct were significantly reduced in treated groups compared to the control. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MHC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed a non-significant decrease in treated groups compared to the control group. Serum biochemical parameters, including total proteins, albumin, and globulin, decreased significantly (p < 0.05). At the same time, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, and cholesterol were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the treated groups compared to the control group. Significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of lipid peroxidation while decreased values of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (RGSH) in the blood of fish were recorded. Histopathological examination of fish gills, liver, and kidneys showed inflammation and degenerative changes due to CuSO4 exposure. In the brain tissue, degenerative changes like neuron necrosis, intracellular edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and congestion were observed. In conclusion, the study indicates that exposure to copper sulfate, even in smaller concentrations, can cause adverse hematological and histopathological changes in L. rohita fish.

Oxidative stress and toxicity produced by arsenic and chromium in broiler chicks and application of vitamin E and bentonite as ameliorating agents.

The present study investigated the adverse effects of arsenic and chromium in broilers and ascertained the role of vitamin E and bentonite in alleviating their harmful effects. For this purpose, we experimented on 180 one-day-old broiler chickens. The feed was administered to broiler chicks of groups 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 chromium @ (270 mg.kg-1 BW). Groups 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were administered arsenic @ (50 mg.kg-1 BW). Groups 4, 7, and 9 received vitamin E (150 mg.kg-1 BW), and groups 5, 8, and 9 received bentonite (5%), respectively. Group 1 was kept in control. All the broiler chicks treated with chromium and arsenic showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in erythrocytic parameters on experimental days 21 and 42. Total proteins decreased significantly, while ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC and CAT decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while TOC and MDA concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) in chromium and arsenic-treated groups on experimental days 21 and 42. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between TAC and CAT (Pearson correlation value = 0.961; p < 0.001), similarly TOC and MDA positive correlation (Pearson correlation value = 0.920; p < 0.001). However, TAC and CAT showed a negative correlation between TOC and MDA. The intensity of gross and microscopic lesions was more in chromium (270 mg.kg-1) and arsenic (50 mg.kg-1) singly or in combination-treated groups. Thus, broiler chicks treated with chromium plus arsenic exhibited higher gross and microscopic lesion intensity than other treated groups. Fatty degeneration, severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration, and expansion of sinusoidal spaces were the main lesions observed in the liver. Kidneys showed renal epithelial cells necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and severe cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration. Co-administration of bentonite along with chromium and arsenic resulted in partial amelioration (group 8) compared to groups 7 and 9, administered arsenic + chromium + vitamin E and arsenic + chromium + vitamin E + bentonite, respectively. It was concluded that arsenic and chromium cause damage not only to haemato-biochemical parameters but also lead to oxidation stress in broilers. Vitamin E and bentonite administration can ameliorate toxicity and oxidative stress produced by arsenic and chromium.

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season.

Enterotoxemia is a severe and peracute disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) rendering high mortality leading to huge economic losses, especially in small ruminants. The bacterium induces peracute death in animals based on the rapid production of different lethal toxins. Mortality occurred three private herds of two breeds, i.e., Makhi Cheeni and Beetal, and one non-descriptive (Teddy) herds reared in the desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. At necropsy, tissue samples for histopathology and intestinal contents for bacterial isolation and culture were collected. Following the standard procedure, tissue slides were prepared. Multiplex PCR was used to identify toxinotypes using specific primers. Morbidity, mortality, and case fatality in Makhi Cheeni, Beetal, and Teddy goats caused by enterotoxemia were 87.58, 75.81, and 76.11%, respectively. Based on toxinotypes in the present outbreaks, C. perfringens type A (cpα = 20.7%; cpα + cpß2 = 11.2%) and C. perfringens type D (cpα + cpß2 + etx = 47.7%; cpα + etx = 20.7%) were detected. Deaths due to C. perfringens type D (68.10%) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared with deaths by C. perfringens type A (34.90%). Petechiation of serosal surfaces, hemorrhage of intestines, lungs, and liver were seen. Kidneys were soft, and under the microscope, tubules were studded with erythrocytes. There was stunting and fusion in the intestinal villi. From this study, we concluded that endotoxemia can occur in any season; thus, a proper vaccination schedule must be followed for the protection of small ruminants' health.

Difference and consistency analysis of the parameters for intraocular lens calculation measured by Pentacam AXL and Lenstar LS900 / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the precision of Pentacam AXL in measuring the parameters required for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation and compare the results with those obtained with Lenstar LS900.Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed.Seventy patients (91 eyes) with age-related cataract treated in Xiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University from March to August, 2017 to receive cataract surgery were collected.Biometry measurements in 91 eyes of 70 cataract patients were performed by the same examiner with Pentacam AXL and Lenstar LS900 before surgery.The axial length (AL), keratometry (K) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were obtained.The differences between the two devices were analyzed by paired-samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Differences and correlation of biometry measurements obtained with two biometers were analyzed.The agreement of the two biometers was analyzed by Bland-Altman plot.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University (No.XMYKZX-LW-2017-003). Results:The mean values of AL were (23.39±1.34)mm and (23.42±1.36)mm, mean keratometry (Km) values were (43.96±1.53)D and (44.00±1.51)D, respectively, and the ACD values were (2.89±0.38)mm and (2.88±0.37)mm respectively measured by Pentacam AXL and Lenstar LS900, and the differences were not statistically significant ( P= 0.906, 0.855, 0.811), but all of the three biometrey measurements showed good linear correlation ( r = 0.999, 0.975, 0.991; all at P<0.05). AL, Km and ACD between Pentacam AXL and Lenstar LS900 showed good agreements analyzed by Bland-Altman plot, and the respective 95% limits of agreement (95%LoA) for AL and ACD were -0.11 to 0.07 mm and -0.09 to 0.12 mm, while 95% LoA for Km was -0.70 to 0.62 D. Conclusions:Pentacam AXL can provide accurate parameters for IOL calculation, which has a good agreement with Lenstar LS900, and the AL and ACD parameters can be used interchangeably.

Comparison of lens anterior capsular changes between femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification and conventional phacoemulsification for cataract patients with diabetes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective@#To compare the anterior capsule opacification and contraction of lens following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification for cataract patients with diabetes.@*Methods@#A non-randomized control study was carried out.Eighty-five eyes of 85 cataract patients with diabetes were included from March 2015 to August 2016 in Xiamen Eye Center.The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the different surgeries.Forty-three eyes of 43 patients in the femtosecond laser group received femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification and completed the 5.3 mm capsulorhexis using the Alcon LenSx femtosecond laser platform.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients in the conventional surgery group underwent conventional phacoemulsification group and performed 5.3 mm continuous circular capsulorhexis under the guidance of Alcon VERION.Anterior capsule opacification (ACO) was graded according to Werner's method.The area of anterior capsular opening was calculated by using Image Pro Plus 6 software.The number of eyes in different grades of ACO and anterior capsule opening area between two groups were compared at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.@*Results@#Initial anterior capsular opening area was not significantly different between the femtosecond laser group and the conventional phacoemulsification group (t=0.003, P=0.958). The anterior capsule opening area in the two groups among different time-points after operations was significantly different (Fgroup=73.602, P<0.001; Ftime=378.895, P<0.001), and anterior capsule opening areas were smaller in the conventional phacoemulsification group than those in the femtosecond laser group at various time points after operation (all at P<0.001). At 1 month after suigery, grade Ⅰ of the ACO was found in 29 eyes (67.4%) in the femtosecond laser group and 26 eyes (61.9%) in the conventional phacoemulsification group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.133). At 3 months after surgery, the incidence rate of grade Ⅱ of ACO was 11.6% (5/43) in the femtosecond laser group, which was lower than than that in the conventional phacoemulsification group(66.7%, 28/42), showing a significant difference between them (P<0.001). At the 6th month after operation, the incidence rate of grade Ⅲ of ACO in the femtosecond laser group was 14.0%(6/43), which was lower than that in the conventional phacoemulsification group(73.8%, 31/42), with a significant difference between them (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery for cataract is a good choose patients with diabetes mellitus because of reducing the occurrence of ACO and the contraction of anterior capsule.

Comparison of lens anterior capsular changes between femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification and conventional phacoemulsification for cataract patients with diabetes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To compare the anterior capsule opacification and contraction of lens following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification for cataract patients with diabetes. Methods A non-randomized control study was carried out. Eighty-five eyes of 85 cataract patients with diabetes were included from March 2015 to August 2016 in Xiamen Eye Center. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the different surgeries. Forty-three eyes of 43 patients in the femtosecond laser group received femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification and completed the 5. 3 mm capsulorhexis using the Alcon LenSx femtosecond laser platform. Forty-two eyes of 42 patients in the conventional surgery group underwent conventional phacoemulsification group and performed 5. 3 mm continuous circular capsulorhexis under the guidance of Alcon VERION. Anterior capsule opacification (ACO) was graded according to Werner's method. The area of anterior capsular opening was calculated by using Image Pro Plus 6 software. The number of eyes in different grades of ACO and anterior capsule opening area between two groups were compared at 1 month,3 months and 6 months after operation. Results Initial anterior capsular opening area was not significantly different between the femtosecond laser group and the conventional phacoemulsification group (t=0. 003,P=0. 958). The anterior capsule opening area in the two groups among different time-points after operations was significantly different (Fgroup=73. 602, P<0. 001;Ftime=378. 895,P<0. 001),and anterior capsule opening areas were smaller in the conventional phacoemulsification group than those in the femtosecond laser group at various time points after operation ( all at P<0. 001 ) . At 1 month after suigery, grade Ⅰ of the ACO was found in 29 eyes ( 67. 4％) in the femtosecond laser group and 26 eyes ( 61. 9％) in the conventional phacoemulsification group,and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0. 133). At 3 months after surgery,the incidence rate of gradeⅡof ACO was 11. 6％ (5/43) in the femtosecond laser group,which was lower than than that in the conventional phacoemulsification group ( 66. 7％, 28/42 ) , showing a significant difference between them (P<0. 001). At the 6th month after operation,the incidence rate of grade Ⅲ of ACO in the femtosecond laser group was 14. 0％(6/43),which was lower than that in the conventional phacoemulsification group (73. 8％,31/42),with a significant difference between them (P<0. 001). Conclusions Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery for cataract is a good choose patients with diabetes mellitus because of reducing the occurrence of ACO and the contraction of anterior capsule.

Effects of modified laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prostheic in the treatment of inguinal hernia / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the application effects of modified laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prostheic in the treatment of inguinal hernia.Methods 100 patients with inguinal hernia were selected,and they were divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases) according to the digital table.The control group was treated with opening totally extraperitonea prosthetic,the observation group was treated with modified laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prostheic.The operation time,hospital stay,leaving bed time,visual analogue scale (VAS score),adverse reaction and recurrence between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time between the two groups had no significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The leaving bed time,hospital stay and VAS score of the observation group were (13.54 ± 3.81) h,(5.04 ± 1.24) d,(3.46 ± 0.75) points,repectively,which of the control group were (25.76 ± 4.35) h,(8.39 ± 1.65) d,(7.19 ± 1.27) points,repectively,the differences were statistically significant(t =14.943,11.477,17.882,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of scrotal effusion,hematoma and wound infection between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rates of chronic pain(2.00％ vs.16.00％) and adverse reactions(10.00％ vs.30.00％) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.983,6.250,all P ＜ 0.05).After 6 months' follow-up,2 cases(4.00％) occurred recurrence in the observation gToup,3 cases(6.00％) occurred recurrence in the control group,the recurrence rate between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (x2 =0.211,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Modified laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prostheic can effectively relieve the postoperative pain degree and improve the adverse reaction rate,and with fast recovery.

Effect and prognosis of three dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy on 468 postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the effect of three dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy and prognostic factors for postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Methods A total of 468 patieuts with postoperative local recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were retrospectively analyzed.The median interval between surgery and recurrence was 14.95 months (2-252 months).There were 45 patients with supraclavicular lympy node relapse,291 with mediastinal lymph node relapse,4 with abdominal lymph node relapse,15 with anastomosis relapse,89 with supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph node relapse,11 with anastomosis and mediastinal lymph node relapse,7 with mediastinal and abdominal lymph node relapse,1 with supraclavicular and anastomosis relapse,2 with supraclavicular and abdominal lymph node relapse,3 with anastomosis,mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph node relapse.There were 224 patients who received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy,and the other 244 patients of intensity-modulated radiation therapy,with a median dose of 59.4 Gy (40-70 Gy).A total of 166 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate;Log-rank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis;Cox regression test was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The follow-up rate was 95.3％.The recent curative effect in the effective rate was 81.6％,with 41.2％ CR rate.The overall 1,2,3,4 years of survival rates after radiotherapy were 61％,32％,21％,14％ respectively and the median survival time was 17.6 months.Univariate analysis showed that age,.pathologic stage,the number of positive lymph node cleaning,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy (x2 =4.814-247.322,P ＜ 0.05) were associated with prognosis.Multivariate analysis showed that age,pathologic stage,the recurrence area,single or multiple lesions,the size of the lesion,overall response rate,radiation dose,and chemotherapy (P ＜0.05) were independent prognostic factors.A total of 370 patients had progressive diseases after radiotherapy,176 had local failure 47.57％ (176/370),148 had distant metastasis 40.00％ (148/370) and 16 had both local and distant failures 4.32％ (16/370).One case died of pneumonia;2 cases died of acute myocardial infarction;1 case died of cerebral hemorrhage;26 cases died of unknown cause (including lost to follow-up).Lung was the most common distant metastatic site.Conclusions Radiotherapy may improve the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative recurrence.Patients with less than 70 years old,early postoperative stage,single recurrent lesion,initial small lesions,response to radiotherapy,radiation dose of higher than 59.4 Gy,chemoradiation might have better prognosis.

Determination of sulfydryl-containing drugs by reverse flow injection chemiluminescence analysis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish a rapid, accurate and sensitive chemiluminescence method for determining sulfydryl-containing drugs. Methods In sulfuric acid solution, glyoxal could be oxidized by potassium permanganate, and weak chemiluminescence could be observed. Chemiluminescence signal could be enhanced in the presence of sulfydryl-containing drugs. Thus, on this basis we established a new method of determining the concentration of sulfydryl-containing drugs with flow injection chemiluminescence analysis. Results Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of methimazole, captopril and acetylcysteine was 1.0×10~(-8)- 5.0×10~(-6), 7.0×10~(-8)-1.0×10~(-6) and 3.0×10~(-8)-1.0×10~(-6)g/mL, respectively. The limit of detection of methimazole, captopril and acetylcysteine was 1.0, 3.9 and 3.7ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The method was successfully applied to determine the three drugs that contain sulfydryl. Compared with the results of pharmacopeia methods, the results we obtained were satisfactory.

Methodology research on determination of three ingredients in compound codeine phosphate solution by CE-ECL / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish a novel method for simultaneous determination of three ingredients (codeine phosphate, brompheniramine maleate and ephedrine hydrochloride) in compound codeine phosphate solution by using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Methods Based on enhanced ECL intensity of tris (2,2′-bypyridine) ruthenium (Ⅱ) with codeine phosphate, brompheniramine maleate and ephedrine hydrochloride, as well as the linear correlation between enhanced sensitivity intensity and drug concentration, Parameters affecting separation and detection were optimized. Results Under the optimized conditions, we determined the linear range, regression equation and detection limit for the three ingredients. The relative standard deviation of ECL intensity for twelve consecutive injections of 1.0×10~(-5)kg/L standard sample of three kinds of drug was 2.89% for codeine phosphate, 3.76% for brompheniramine maleate and 3.32% for ephedrine hydrochloride, respectively. Satisfactory results were obtained without interference from sample matrixes. Conclusion The method was successfully applied to the determination of three ingredients in oral solution of compound codeine phosphate, with the recovery rate of 100.4% for codeine phosphate, 101.9% for brompheniramine maleate and 99.8% for ephedrine hydrochloride.

Microwave radiation affects the phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 and activity of protein kinase C in vascular endothelial cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) is an important transcription factor to regulate anti-oxidative stress reaction. Some researches indicate that NF-E2-related factor-2 can be phosphorylated by numerous members of protein kinase C family. In order to investigate generant mechanism of microwave radiation on oxidative stress injury, whether microwave radiation can influence on anti-oxidative regulating system through NF-E2-related factor-2 or not should be further studied.OBJ ECTIVE: To analyze the effect of microwave radiation on phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2 and activity of protein kinase C in vascular endothelial cells.DESIGN: Observational-contrast study.SETTING : Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Vascular endothelial cell strain; H332PO4; Protein-A Sepharose (Sigma Company); mono-antibody of NF-E2-related factor-2 (H-300, Santa Cruz); α-mono-antibody of protein kinase C (Santa Cruz); glass microfiber filters(Whatman Company); gel scanning system (Gel Doc 2000, Bio-Rad); liquid scintillation spectrometer (LKB-117, Sweden).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Laboratory of Electromagnetic radiation and Biological Effect, Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to July 2003. ① Analysis of phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2: Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with DMEM medium till the period of productive growth and incubated with 32Pi for 2 hours. And then, cultured bottle was maintained in water bath at 37℃ and performed with microwave radiation in dark chamber, whose reflectivity was about zero. It was regarded as radiation group, and the average power density of radiation was 30 mW/cm2; in addition, the duration of radiation was 30 minutes.Cells did not deal with microwave radiation were regarded as control group. Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was measured at 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation with immune coprecipitation-autoradiography technique and dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system. Cells in the control group were analyzed directly. ②Active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C: Cells in the radiation group and the control group were dealt with the same cultured method, condition, radiation styles, dosage and environment as mentioned above. At 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation, cells were split to extract plasma and membrane protein. Furthermore, activity of protein kinase C was measured with r-32P-ATP labeled liquid scintillation spectrometer; gray value of protein strap was dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system; staining degree of plasma was observed after immunocytochemical staining of protein kinase C. In addition, cells in the control group were measured and observed directly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group; ②Results of active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C in radiation group and control group.RESULTS: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group: Gray value of NF-E2-related factor-2 was higher in radiation group than that in control group at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation.Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 reached the peak at four hours after radiation. In addition, results of semi-quantitative scanning analysis showed that, at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation, phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was increased 33%, 261% and 141% in radiation group as compared with that in control group,respectively (t = 2.974, 4.209, 4.047, P ＜ 0.05), and then, fallen down to normal value 24 hours later. ② Results of active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C in radiation group and control group: At 2, 4 and 8 hours after microwave radiation, expression of protein kinase C in radiation group was higher than that in control group,especially at the 4 hour. In addition, at 24 hours after radiation, expression of protein kinase C recovered the normal value. Results of immunocytochemical staining showed that staining of plasma was deeper in radiation group than that in control group at 4 hours after radiation. Moreover, results of r-32P-ATP labeled liquid scintillation spectrometer also suggested that, at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation, activity of protein kinase C was increased 36%, 93% and 47% in radiation group as compared with that in control group, respectively (t =2.801, 3.654, 3.035, P ＜ 0.05). And then, activity of protein kinase C was decreased after 24 hours, otherwise, activity of protein kinase C reached the peak at 4 hours after radiation.CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation can strengthen the phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in vascular endothelial cells during a special period; meanwhile, it can also cause the increase of expression of protein kinase C.Time effect of activity of protein kinase C is coincidence with phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2.

Microwave radiation affects the phosphorylation ofnuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 and activity of protein kinase C in vascular endothelial cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) is an important transcription factor to regulate anti-oxidative stress reaction. Some researches indicate that NF-E2-related factor-2 can be phosphorylated by numerous members of protein kinase C family. In order to investigate generant mechanism of microwave radiation on oxidative stress injury, whether microwave radiation can influence on anti-oxidative regulating system through NF-E2-related factor-2 or not should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of microwave radiation on phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2 and activity of protein kinase C in vascular endothelial cells.DESIGN: Observational-contrast study. SETTING: Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Vascular endothelial cell strain; H332PO4; Protein-A Sepharose (Sigma Company); mono-antibody of NF-E2-related factor-2 (H-300, Santa Cruz); ?-mono-antibody of protein kinase C (Santa Cruz); glass microfiber filters (Whatman Company); gel scanning system (Gel Doc 2000, Bio-Rad); liquid scintillation spectrometer (LKB-117, Sweden).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Laboratory of Electromagnetic radiation and Biological Effect, Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to July 2003. ① Analysis of phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2: Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with DMEM medium till the period of productive growth and incubated with 32Pi for 2 hours. And then, cultured bottle was maintained in water bath at 37℃ and performed with microwave radiation in dark chamber, whose reflectivity was about zero. It was regarded as radiation group, and the average power density of radiation was 30 mW/cm2; in addition, the duration of radiation was 30 minutes. Cells did not deal with microwave radiation were regarded as control group. Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was measured at 2 , 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation with immune coprecipitation-autoradiography technique and dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system. Cells in the control group were analyzed directly. ② Active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C: Cells in the radiation group and the control group were dealt with the same cultured method, condition, radiation styles, dosage and environment as mentioned above. At 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation, cells were split to extract plasma and membrane protein. Furthermore, activity of protein kinase C was measured with r-32P-ATP labeled liquid scintillation spectrometer; gray value of protein strap was dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system; staining degree of plasma was observed after immunocytochemical staining of protein kinase C. In addition, cells in the control group were measured and observed directly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group; ② Results of active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C in radiation group and control group.RESULTS: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group: Gray value of NF-E2-related factor-2 was higher in radiation group than that in control group at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation. Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 reached the peak at four hours after radiation. In addition, results of semi-quantitative scanning analysis showed that, at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation, phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was increased 33%, 261% and 141% in radiation group as compared with that in control group, respectively (t = 2.974, 4.209, 4.047, P

Change of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage mRNA in testis of rats after electromagnetic irradiation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the development of technology,electromagnetic irradiation has been applied in many fields;meanwhile,health of people could be threatened by electromagnetic exposure.Reproductive system of males is the major target of electromagnetic irradiation.But under the condition of electromagnetic exposure,the change of testosterone and its mechanism remain unknown. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of electromagnetic irradiation on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR) and cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage(P450scc) in the tissues of the testis of the adult rats,and to preliminarily reveal the molecular mechanism of electromagnetic radiation that affects the synthesis of testosterone. DESIGN:A randomized controlled study. SETTING:Department of Nuclear Medicine and Staff Room of Labour Hygiene, Institute of Field Surgery,Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS:The study was completed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Staff Room of Labour Hygiene, Institute of Field Surgery,Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from June 2003 to May 2004.A total of 75 male Wistar rats of clean degree II,weighing 180 to 220 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,and groups of 3,6,24,72 hours after electromagnetic irradiation with 15 rats in each group. INTERVENTIONS:The rats were exposed to microwave with the peak power of 90 W/cm2 for 15 minutes successively,and all the rats survived the irradiation.The serum contents of testosterone of rats in the groups of 3,6,24,72 hours after electromagnetic irradiation and control group were measured by using radioimmunoassay(RIA) respectively;meanwhile the levels of the StAR and P450scc mRNA in testis tissue were also determined with RT-PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum contents of testosterone in the groups of 3,6,24,72 hours after electromagnetic irradiation and control group;the expression levels of the StAR and P450scc mRNA in testis tissues. RESULTS:The serum contents of testosterone,the StAR and P450scc mRNA levels at the point of 3 hours after electromagnetic irradiation were significantly lower than those in the control group,and they were decreased by 83.1% ,57.3% and 53.6% respectively(P< 0.01).At the point of 6 hours, although those were increased a little, but were still obviously lower than those of the control group, and they were decreased by 52.6%, 17.9% and 29.2% respectively(P< 0.01,0.05) compared with the control group, and were recovered to the normal level at the point of 24 hours, but the contents of testosterone, the StAR and P450scc mRNA levels were significantly reduced again after 72 hours, and they were decreased by 57.6% , 39.5% , 53.5% respectively compared with those in the control group(P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:Electromagnetic irradiation can affect the expression of StAR and P450scc mRNA in the Leydig's cells of the adult rats, thereby decreasing the synthesis of testosterone.

Protective effect of selenium on damaged PC12 cells induced by microwave irradiation / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To observe the damaging effect of microwave on neurons and the protective effect of selenium on damaged neurons after exposure to microwave. Methods In vitro cultured PC12 cells were exposed to 65 mW/cm 2 microwave. The survival rate, SOD activity, GSH-Px activity, and MDA concentration of PC12 cells were detected. The effects of selenium on PC12 cells after exposure to microwave were reflected by these markers. Results Survival rate, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of PC12 cells decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of PC12 cells increased after microwave radiation. These changes weakened when PC12 cells were exposed to microwave after pretreatment with selenium. This effect was more significant after pretreatment with selenium at the high dose. Conclusion PC12 cells can be damaged by microwave through peroxidation. Selenium pretreatment can promote the antioxidation and protect PC12 cells from damages induced by microwave.

Change of catecholamine in serum and hippocampus of rats after electromagnetic irradiation and the selection of protective site / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of catecholamine(CA) in the mechanism of bio-effect of electromagnetic irradiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The contents of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) in serum and hippocampus of rats at 0, 8, 24, 48 hours after electromagnetic irradiation were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD), and the influence of two kinds of shelter on CA was studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of CA in serum and hippocampus increased obviously in an instant, decreased at 8 h and increased significantly again at 24 h after irradiation without shielding irradiation. But at 48 h, the levels of NA, DA in hippocampus were still higher and the serum's NA, DA were not different from the control. After irradiation with whole body shielding, the levels of CA had no changes. The contents of CA increased significantly only at 24 h after irradiation by 65 W/cm2 electromagnetic wave with trunk shielding. After irradiation by 129 W/cm2 with trunk shielding, the change of CA were similar to that of no shielding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CA may take part in the injury to central nervous system and cardiovascular system after electromagnetic irradiation. And the injury to central nervous system may sustain longer than that of cardiovascular system. The protective effect of whole body shielding is the best, while trunk shielding may have some protective effect following lower and middle power electromagnetic wave. The most important protective measure is to shield the head.</p>

Survey on Urban Environmental Electromagnetic Radiation Level in a City / 环境与健康杂志

Objective Along with the increase of various kinds of communication facilities in our life, various frequency-bands of electromagnetic waves have been filling up our living space, and the probability of exposed to electromagnetic radiation for human being is growing day by day. Environmental electromagnetic radiation pollution has become a new public nuisance. The present paper systematically investigated the levels of environmental electromagnetic radiation in some administrative region of a city. Methods According to the methods of national hygienic standards(a little of change), compartmentalized gridding with a definite space distance of 500 meters, levels of environmental electromagnetic radiation were measured on the spots of the gridding center. Results Levels of environmental electromagnetic waves of 5-10 000 MHz did not exceed the limits of corresponding national standards, but at some detection spots, the maximum of comprehensive electrical field strength had been close to or reached to the limits of ultrashort wave and microwave hygienic standards. The levels of electrical field strength of 5-10 000 MHz in regions of central sowntown and medical organization were significantly higher than those in regions of manufactory and residence. The level of magnetic field strength of 0.009-1 MHz in region of central sowntown was the highest. According to the results of selective-frequency measure of 28-500 MHz, most of frequencies of environmental electromagnetic waves with high electrical field strength were frequencies of frequency-modulated broadcasting stations in the city. Conclusion The urban environmental electromagnetic radiation level is more higher nowadays than before. The regions with high electrical field strength mostly lie in the central sowntown and medical organization regions, and more attention should be paid to its potential effects on human health.