Direct Visualisation of Skyrmion Lattice Defect Alignment at Grain Boundaries.

We present a method to directly visualise a statistical analysis of skyrmion defect alignment at grain boundaries in the skyrmion host [Formula: see text]OSeO3. Using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we collected large data sets with several hundreds of frames containing skyrmion lattices with grain boundaries in them. To address the behaviour of strings of dislocations in these grain boundaries, we developed an algorithm to automatically extract and classify strings of dislocations separating the grains. This way we circumvent the problem of having to create configurations with well-defined relative grain orientations by performing a statistical analysis on a dynamically rearranging image sequence. With this statistical method, we are able to experimentally extract the relationship between grain boundary alignment and defect spacing and find an agreement with geometric expectations. The algorithms used can be extended to other types of lattices such as Abrikosov lattices or colloidal systems in optical microscopy.

Signatures of adaptive evolution during human to mink SARS CoV2 cross species transmission inform estimates of the COVID19 pandemic timing

One of the unique features of SARS-CoV-2 is that it mainly evolved neutrally or under purifying selection during the early pandemic. This contrasts with the preceding epidemics of the closely related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, both of which evolved adaptively. It is possible that the SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a unique or adaptive feature which deviates from other coronaviruses. Alternatively, the virus may have been cryptically circulating in humans for a sufficient time to have acquired adaptive changes for efficient transmission before the onset of the current pandemic. In order to test the above scenarios, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from minks (Neovision vision) and parenteral human strains. In the early phase of the mink epidemic (April to May 2020), nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation ratios per site within the spike protein was 2.93, indicating a selection process favoring adaptive amino acid changes. In addition, mutations within this protein concentrated within its receptor binding domain and receptor binding motif. Positive selection also left a trace on linked neutral variation. An excess of high frequency derived variants produced by genetic hitchhiking was found during middle (June to July 2020) and early late (August to September 2020) phases of the mink epidemic, but quickly diminished in October and November 2020. Strong positive selection found in SARS-CoV-2 from minks implies that the virus may be not unique in super-adapting to a wide range of new hosts. The mink study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 already went through adaptive evolution in humans, and likely been circulating in humans at least six months before the first case found in Wuhan, China. We also discuss circumstances under which the virus can be well-adapted to its host but fail to induce an outbreak.

Therapeutic effect of emergency PCI combined ticagrelor on patients with acute STEMI and its influ— ence on TNF—α level / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined ticagrelor on patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI ) and its influence on level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)—α.Methods : A total of 98 patients with acute STEMI treated in our hospital from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017 were selected .Patients were randomly and equally divided into clopidogrel group and ticagrelor group , each group received corresponding medication before PCI .LVEF ,LVEDd ,TNF—α level before and one month after treatment and TIMI grade before and after PCI ,recanalization time ,postoperative corrected TIMI frame (CTFC) , percentages of thrombus aspiration ,auxiliary IABP and no—reflow ,and incidence of adverse events during six—month follow—up after PCI were observed and compared between two groups .Results : Compared with before PCI and treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF on one month after treatment and TIMI grade after PCI ,and signifi—cant reductions in LVEDd and TNF—α level in two groups on one month after treatment , P＝0.001 all.Compared with clopidogrel group on one month after treatment ,there was significant rise in LVEF [ (49.80 ± 4.17 )% vs. (57.32 ± 5.10)%] ,and significant reductions in LVEDd [ (57. 94 ± 4. 70) mm vs .(47.11 ± 3.49) mm] ,TNF—α level [ (17. 82 ± 2.84) pg／ml vs .(8.40 ± 2. 04 ) pg／ml] and postoperative percentage of no—reflow (24.44% vs. 4.44%) in ticagrelor group , P＜0. 01 all ,there were no significant difference in other operative related indexes be—tween two groups , P＞0.05 all.After six—month follow—up ,incidence rate of composite endpoint events in ticagrelor group was significantly lower than that of clopidogrel group (11. 11% vs.31. 11%) , P＝0.021 ,there were no sig—nificant difference in percentages of in—stent thrombus ,infarct related artery revascularization and recurrent unsta—ble angina pectoris between two groups , P＞0.05 all .Conclusion : Short—term therapeutic effect of emergency PCI combined ticagrelor is significant .It can significantly improve prognosis ,which is worth extending .

The research progress on NAMPT in malignant tumors / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase( NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide( NAD) biosynthesis and regulates biological processes such as metab-olism,growth and apoptosis of cells.In the past few years,a large number of studies have found that expression level of NAMPT is increased in a variety of malignancies,which is associated with the progression and treatment of malig-nant tumors.The research of the mechanism of NAMPT in malignant tumors and molecule inhibitors of the NAMPT have brought new hope and prospect for the treatment of malignant tumors.This article makes a brief review of NAMPT research status in malignant tumors.

Learning from Neijing to Explore the TCM Name and Pathogensis of Hypertension / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]Discussion on TCM name and pathogenesis of hypertension. [Method]To further explore and analyze the TCM name, location as wel as pathogenssis of hypertension after learning“Neijing”. [Result]Hypertension corresponding TCM diseases should be the veins bulge from“Neijing”. The location of the disease is heart,while it relates to internal organs. The main pathogenesis is that heart commanding blood abnormality. [Conclusion ]The traditional classical dialectical mode from the liver treatment of hypertension should be changed,the clinical treatment of hypertension is due to the heart according to the theory of pathogenesis which the heart commands blood vessels.Seeking the key reason is important to differential treatment of hypertension.