Effects of a Reinforcing and Reducing Method of Acupuncture on Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Subcutaneous Tissue of Minipig / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of the reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture reported in first Chapter the Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan of the Miraculous Pivot on interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in subcutaneous tissue of minipig, and to investigate its biomechanical mechanism of regulating the interstitial fluid. Methods Nine healthy minipigs were randomly selected for reinforcing method (pull or press) and reducing method (wave a big pinhole), and tested on soft skin tissues of the abdomen. The IFP in the normal state (NS), the low volume (LV) state (by extracting interstitial fluid) and the high volume (HV) state (by injecting saline solution) was measured before and after acupuncture. Results In the normal state, pulling and pressing the needle could obviously increase IFP, while reducing method could significantly decrease IFP, leading to a rapid decrease in 5 min after acupuncture. In the LV state, pulling and pressing the needle could increase IFP. However, in 10 min after acupuncture, the descend rates of IFP were relatively slower. In the HV state, the reducing method could significantly decrease IFP, and the changing trend in 5 min after acupuncture was different from that of the control group. Conclusions The reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture could increase or decrease IFP, which proved that the acupuncture method could regulate IFP in the opposite direction. The research findings provide a new scientific basis for using reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture in clinic.

Comparison of the effects of the intervention with electric thermalstone and air suction cup on blood perfusion at meridian points / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts of the intervention with electric thermalstone and air suction cup on blood perfusion (BP) at meridian points and explore the approach of accurate measurement and regulation of meridianand blood balance in "precise acupuncture".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The laser Doppler line scanner (LDLS) was used to measure BP at bilateraln-primary points at the pericardium meridian, the triple energizer meridian, the gallbladder meridian and the liver meridian (small cycle oftomeridians) at 31 healthy receptors. The bias ratio of blood perfusion (BPBR) deviated to the reference value was calculated. The electric thermalstone and air suction cup were used in the intervention at the-sea points of the affected meridians in which BPBR was relatively higher at the-primary points. The electric thermalstone therapy was used when BPBR was less than -30% and the air suction cupping therapy was used when BPBR was higher than 30%. BP was measured twice before intervention and it was measured separately at the moment after intervention and in 20 min after intervention. The means of BP before and after intervention and the change ratio of blood perfusion (BPCR) before intervention, at the moment after intervention and 20 min after intervention were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. After the intervention of electric thermalstone, BP mean was increased from (103.51±41.21) PU to (121.97±56.22) PU (<0.05). Before intervention, at the moment after intervention and 20 min after intervention, separately, BRCR were (-0.58±16.18)%, (23.58±48.85) % and (25.62±65.89) %. BPCR at the moment after treatment was increased significantly as compared with that before intervention (<0.01). The difference was not significant in 20 min after intervention and before intervention (>0.05), but the change ratio was highly remained. 2. After intervention with air suction cup, BP mean was reduced from (194.83±81.14) PU to (173.88±88.26) PU. Before intervention, at the moment after intervention and 20 min after intervention, separately, BPCR were (7.62±30.49)%, (-12.12±18.20)% and (-14.35±21.25)%. BPCR at the moment after intervention and in 20 min after intervention were significantly different from that before intervention (both<0.01). .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The electric thermalstone increases the blood flow at the-primary point when acting on the-sea point of the same meridian. The influence of the air suction cup is opposite.</p>

Color spectrum of cupping mark detected by hyperspectral camera:a preliminary observation / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perform quantitative observation on the color change of local skin after cupping, so as to explore objective and quantitative methods for skin response of cupping.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven health subjects were included. By quantitative meridian cupping instrument, cupping methods with four types of pressures were respectively performed on subjects for 5 min.The spectrum of cupping mark before and after the cupping was collected by hyperspectral camera, and the color change was recorded by digital camera.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before the cupping, the differences of back skin areas were not significant (>0.05), and its average spectrum indicated two peaks at 540-550 nm and 580-590 nm. After cupping with different pressures, spectrum changes of skin were observed. For -0.02 MPa, the most significant reduction was observed at 550 nm (-12.1%,<0.05); for -0.03 MPa, the most significant reduction was observed at 540 nm (-22.1%,<0.05); for -0.04 MPa, the most significant reduction was observed at 610 nm (-26.7%,<0.05); for -0.05 MPa, the most significant reduction was observed at several spectrums (all<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After cupping with different negative pressures, significant changes of spectrum are observed on skin; for different pressures, the spectrums of the most significant changes are different; the hyperspectral camera could be applied to perform quantitative observation on the color change of local skin.</p>

Discussion on several basic issues of acupuncture-moxibustion science / 中国针灸

Nine basic issues on acupuncture-moxibustion science are discussed in this paper. The author believes those include the universal property of acupoints,the placebo effect of acupuncture and moxibustion,the continuous transmission of acupuncture information,the factors of the effects such as growth as well as acquired shape and properties,the classification evidence of acupoint function,the compatibility of acupoints,the change of functional state of acupoint and. The universal property of acupoints means whether there is identical position of acupoint among different ethnic groups. The continuous transmission of acupuncture information is seen as whether the delivery which mainly shows as diffusion maintains active in special region and situation. The classification evidence of acupoint function refers to if there exists universal biological basis.

Early application of examethasone improves the survival of autogenous island flap and prognosis of patients with burn scar after transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Autologous island flap transplantation is the main therapy for burn scars. Floating and necrosis of transplanted flaps mainly impact the therapeutic effects. Dexamethasone has immunoregulatory function during trauma and stress process. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of dexamethasone on immune balance of Th1/Th2 and prognosis in patients with burn scars undergoing autologous island flap transplantation. METHODS:Sixty-eight patients with burn scars undergoing transplantation of pedicled island flap were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Patients in the two groups were treated with negative pressure drainage under skin flap, infection prevention, improvement of microcirculation. After that, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.2 mg/kg) was immediately given in the experimental group, and the dose gradualy decreased after 3 days until drug withdrawal at 7 days. Levels of Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2 and interferon-γ, interleukin-4 were compared between the two groups before and 1 week after transplantation. In addition, incidence rates of skin flap necrosis, hemodynamic disorder, and effusion were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 had no obvious differences between the two groups before flap transplantation. At 1 week after transplantation, the levels of Th1 and Th1/Th2 were higher, while the levels of Th2, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 were lower in the experimental group than the control group. Moreover, the incidence of complications was also lower in the experimental group than the control group. In conclude, dexamethasone can decrease the incidence of complications after island flap transplantation, which is maybe the result of adjusting immune balance of Th1/Th2.

Survival status and analysis of related factors of mortality among elderly patients with first-ever stroke / 重庆医学

Objective To describe the survival status and to analyze the related factors of mortality among elderly patients with first-ever stroke.Methods Totally 1 96 elderly patients with first-ever stroke from January 2010 to January 2014 were enroll for the study.The survival status of all cases was attained through follow-up,and the deadline of follow-up was July 30,2014.The deceased patients because of stroke were divided into death group while the others were divided into survival group.Univariate com-parison and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to screen out the related factors of death.Results The median follow-up time was 41 months,and 14 cases were lost to follow-up.The survival rate 28 d,1 year and 3 years after the onset were 73.47%,66.81% and 58.89%.Age,complication,Glasgow score,NIHSS score and blood WBC were the independent influence fac-tors of death (P <0.05).Conclusion The death among elderly patients with first-ever stroke are more concentrated in 28 d after the onset.Advanced age,complications,decrease of Glasgow score,increase of NIHSS score and blood WBC could increase the death risk.

Bilateral hegu acupoints have the same effect on the heart rate variability of the healthy subjects.

Background. The specificity of acupuncture points (acupoints) is one of the key concepts in traditional acupuncture theory, but the question of whether there is adequate scientific evidence to prove or disprove specificity has been vigorously debated in recent years. Acupoint laterality is an important aspect of acupoint specificity. Data is particularly scarce regarding the laterality of the same channel, namesake acupoint located on opposite sides of the body. Our previous study results suggest that Neiguan acupoint (PC6) has the laterality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Hegu (LI4) also has laterality from the perspective of heart rate variability. Methods. A total of twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were recruited for this study and were randomly separated into the group I (n = 14) and the group II (n = 14) according to the register order. In the group I, left LI4 was stimulated in the first epoch and the right LI4 was stimulated in the second epoch. In the group II, right LI4 was stimulated in the first epoch and left LI4 was stimulated in the second epoch. Electrocardiogram was recorded and heart rate variability was analyzed. Results. The results show that there were no significant differences of heart rate variablity between the group I and the group II in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Conclusions. Bilateral Hegu acupoints have the same effect on the heart rate variability of the healthy subjects.

Analysis of the effect of expanded deltopectoral skin flaps in repairing scar contracture deformity of faciocervical for 24 cases / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss the effect of expanded deltopectoral skin flaps in repairing scar contracture deformity of facio-cervical .Methods Twenty-four patients with scar contracture deformity of faciocervical were included into the study .We expanded the deltopectoral skin flap with dilator .8-10 weeks later ,the deltopectoral skin flap were transferred after resection of faciocervical scar .3-4 weeks later ,the pedicles were cut off ,and then the remaining wound were repaired .Results They had not exudation .Ex-pander exposure ,local hematoma and local infection respectively were 1 ,3 ,4 cases ,all did not affect operation effect by symptomatic treatment ,and obtain good postoperative effect .Deltopectoral flap was for 27 cases ,blood supply obstruction low temperature and skin flap necrosis respectively were 4 ,2 ,1 cases ,all get good healing after corresponding .Followed up for 0 .5 year ,all flaps were survived well ,no ectropion or mental cervical adhesion ,its color and texture were similar with surrounding normal skin appearance , so they were got high satisfaction .Conclusion Application of expanded deltopectoral skin flaps to repair scar contracture deformity of faciocervical can achieve good effect and may be an ideal method to repair ,which is worthy of clinical application .

Change of blood perfusion in Hegu acupoint after contralateral Hegu acupoint was stimulated.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the change of mean blood flux in Hegu acupoint after contralateral Hegu acupoint was stimulated. METHODS: Healthy volunteers (N=140) were placed in a temperature-controlled room as a resting state for 60 minutes. Then the measurements of skin blood flow were carried out in pre- and postacupuncture stimulation every 30 minutes over a total of 180 minutes using a Moor full-field laser perfusion imager. The change ratio of mean blood flux in Hegu acupoint was used to evaluate the contralateral stimulation effect in different groups. RESULTS: After acupuncture of the right Hegu acupoint (AR), the change ratio of mean blood flux in the left Hegu acupoint was increased significantly compared with the control group 60 minutes after acupuncture stimulation (p<0.01). Then the blood flow in the AR group was sustained at a higher level compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). However, the change ratio of mean blood flux in the right Hegu acupoint increased significantly in the 30 minutes after contralateral acupuncture stimulation (p<0.01). From that point on, the change ratio was sustained at a higher level in the AR group than in the control group until 150 minutes after stimulation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: On stimulation of either the left or right side of Hegu acupoint, the change ratio of mean blood flux was increased in the contralateral Hegu acupoint in a period from 30, 60, to 150 minutes after stimulation, respectively.

Repair of defect induced by removal of body surface oversized malignancy with free anterolateral femoral skin flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of free anterolateral femoral skin flap on the repair of skin and subcutaneous soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin. Methods A retrospective review was performed of free anterolateral femoral skin flap reconstructions for oversized malignant tumor cut on body surface since April 2007 to November 2010. There were 6 patients with head and limb squamous cell carcinoma because of bum scar and 3 patients with recurrence of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in wall of belly. The area of soft tissue defects ranged from 19 cm × 15 cm to 24 cm × 21 cm, and skin flaps was 20 cm × 16 cm to 25 cm × 22 cm in size. Three cases received radio therapy after operation. Results Nine flaps survived perfectly, one flap survived with partial necrosis and healed after changing dressings. No complications were observed in the donor site, including wound dehiscence, hernia and weakness. Follow-up survey of 12-24 months after the operation showed that the appearance and function in the repaired sites were normal, and norecurrence of the tumors. Conclusion Free transplantation of anterolateral femoral skin flap is relatively an ideal operative type for the repair of soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin.

Preliminary observation of the blocking effect produced by injecting polyacrylamide hydrogel on low hydraulic resistance channel along meridian / 生物医学工程学杂志

To study the role of meridians in the formation and development of diseases, a pathological model of obstructed channel was established by injecting polyacrylamide hydrogel. The effects of blocking low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC), produced by injecting polyacrylamide hydrogel and by injecting normal saline, were compared by examining the change in transmission of interstitial fluid pressure wave. The results showed that there was significant decrease (P < 0.01) in interstitial fluid pressure wave after more than 0.5 ml polyacrylamide hydrogel was injected into the channel, whereas no significant changes were found after normal saline was injected or when the hydrogel was outside the channel. The above findings demonstrate that the low hydraulic resistance channel can be blocked by injecting certain amount of polyacrylamide hydrogel and a pathological model of obstructed channel has been established preliminarily.

Study advancement of calpain and apoptosis following cerebral ischemia / 生物医学工程学杂志

Calpains, calcium-activated cysteine proteases with a neutral pH optimum, lead to degration of cystoskeletion and structural protein, and delayed neuronal death. The activation of calpains contribute to apoptosis. Calpain inhibitors provide a novel and potential treatment for cerebral ischemia due to improvement of cerebral infarct and ischemia.

Influence of Different Acupuncture Method on Points Transcutaneous CO2 Emission / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the influence of transcutaneous CO2emission (TCE) at points on the meridian or beside the meridian after different stimulations like acupuncture De-qi, sham acupuncture, study the correlation between acupuncture De-qi and local energy metabolism through TCE. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (male 8, female 12, average age 29 years old) were selected. Before, during and after five different acupuncture Neignan (PC 6), the TCE was measured at Quze (PC 3), point A [at the lower one fourth of line between Tianquan (PC 2) and Quze (PC 3)], point B [at the middle of line between Ximen (PC 4) and Quze (PC 3)], point C (2 cm ulnar side point A) and point D (2 cm ulnar side point B) with a high sensitive C02 instrument (Frewil-Q.F., made in China). The measure results were compared. Results: The comparison on value of TCE before and after the acupuncture, in Sham acupuncture and shallow acupuncture groups, it increased in all five points; in De-qi acupuncture group, there are significant increase on point A, point B, and Quze (PC 3), it has statistic significance, but there are no significant increase on point C and D. After Ximen (PC 4) or Daling (PC 7) were pressed to block Neiguan (PC 6), the value of TCE on Quze (PC 3), point A and point B were decreased during acupuncture Neiguan (PC 6), and increased after the block was removed, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Sham acupuncture has also some effects on body, it can increase energy metabolism of local skin, it may be the reason that shallow acupuncture without qi amving can obtain clinical efficacy. The operation method of traditional qi arriving acupuncture can increase energy metabolism of relevant meridian skin, mechanical press can reduce this effect.

Relationship between structure and function of loops from Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein Cry1Ba / 生物工程学报

To indicate the relationship between structure and function of loops from Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein Cry1Ba, and the influence of amino acids mutation on toxicity against diamond back moth Plutella xylostella, five mutations at the loops of Cry1Ba were constructed by overlapping primer PCR, and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Bioassay results showed that the toxicity of mutation M1 (loop1: 340WSNTR344-deletion), compared with that of Cry1Ba (LC50 0.96 microg/mL), decreased significantly with LC50 35.51 microg/mL. And the toxicity of mutation M2 (402Y-G), M3 (400GIYLEP405-PSAV), M4 (400GIYLEPIH407-ILGS) was also reduced to some extent respectively. Only M5 (mutation at loop3: 472LQSRV476 - AGAVYTL) showed slightly increased activity against P. xylostella, but not significantly (LC50 0.81 microg/mL). Referring to the structures of Cry1Ba which was predicted using Swiss-Model software, and bioassay data, we can conclude that loop1 and loop2 play a important role on determining the activity of Cry1Ba against P. xylostella.

Influence of Mechanical Pressure to Change of Transcutaneous CO2 Emission by Acupuncture / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: In the authors' previous study, acupuncture had an effect along meridians. The effect ofacupuncture can be represented by local energy metabolism which can be expressed by transcutaneous CO2 emission (TCE). To study the transportation of the effect of acupuncture and the influence to the transportation when blocking the meridians, the following experiment was carried out. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (male 8, female 12, average age 29) were examined on pericardium meridian at points between Quze (PC 3) and Tianquan (PC 2) (Point a), between Ximen (PC 4) and Quze (PC 3) (Point b), two control points (c and d) beside a and b and Quze (PC 3). TCE was measured on these five points before, during and after acupuncturing Neiguan (PC 6) by a high sensitive CO2 instrument (Frewil-Q.F., made in China). Mechanical pressure of 1 kg (2 cm～ 1 cm area) was given on Ximen (PC 4) or Daling (PC 7) during the acupuncture and TCE were measured before acupuncture, during acupuncture and mechanical pressing, withdrawing acupuncture but keeping pressing and after withdrawing the pressure. Results: TCE increased significantly on point a, b and Quze (PC 3) during and after acupuncture without mechanical press. When mechanical press was given at Ximen (PC 4), no significantly increase was found on above three points during and after acupuncture. When pressing Daling (PC 7), there was still significant (P<0.05) increase at Quz～ (PC 3) and point during acupuncture and significant increase (P<0.05) at point b after acupuncuture while pressing was kept. Conclusion: Acupuncture can enhance the energy metabolism expressed by TCE along meridians and this effect can be eliminated by mechanical pressing along meridians on the way between acupuncture point and measured point.

STUDY ON THE LIAO DYNASTY QIDAN ANCIENT CADAVER EXCAVATED FROM THE INNER MONGOLIA TOMB 6 / 中国法医学杂志

In November 1981,an ancient female cadaver of Qidan nationality in wulanchatu League of InnerMongolia was excavated.This cadaver was estimated approximately 25 year of age.She has been buriedfor about 900 years.The cadaver was a mummified corpse,and preserved in a comparatively intact state. The hair was intact and dark brown in colour.All viseral organs were dreg-like and dark brown incolour.The individual organ could not be identified from its exernal appearance.Only lungs werepreserved,adhering to the back of the thoracic cavity and looked like dry leaves.The peritonem wasdry and translucent and contained a few blood vessels.The muscles were also dry and dark brown or brownishgray in colour.The alveoli and the parenchma of the lung as well as bacterial spores were identified.The histologicalstructure of tissues from the heart region looked like the cross section of cardiac fiber.Collagenous fiberswere seen.Other tissues were mostly autolyzed.The cadaver were group B.According to results of toxic analysis,larger amount of arsenic was demonstratedin tissues from the stomach region.So it was deduced that the lady might die of an arsenical poisoning.Factors involving in the well preservation of this case are discussed.