Understanding employees' unused vacation days: A social cognitive approach.

Despite the benefits of vacations for health and well-being, many employees do not use all of their paid vacation days. In this article, we seek to understand why this occurs. Using a social cognitive perspective, we propose that employees use fewer vacation days when they do not believe they can successfully detach from work while on vacation (i.e., have low detachment self-efficacy), do not expect positive outcomes (e.g., feeling relaxed, connecting with loved ones) from their vacations, and expect negative outcomes (e.g., feeling stressed, facing negative financial consequences) from their vacations. We test this explanation across four studies in which we develop and validate measures for our social cognitive constructs (Studies 1-3) and test whether these constructs predict employees' unused vacation days (Study 4). Results revealed that employees had more unused vacation days if they lacked detachment self-efficacy, did not expect to feel relaxed on vacation, and expected negative financial consequences of vacations. Overall, our results highlight the usefulness of social cognitive theory for understanding employees' unused vacation days. We discuss implications for theory, future research, and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Re-excision Rate after Partial Mastectomy in Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Single-Institutional Experience and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Applying oncoplastic techniques to breast conservation therapy is believed to improve cosmetic and oncologic outcomes, compared with standard breast conservation therapy alone. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the literature comparing outcomes of oncoplastic breast conservation therapy (BCT + R) with that of standard breast conservation therapy alone (BCT). A secondary objective was to compare these results to outcomes after oncoplastic breast conservation therapy performed at our institution (BCT + r). METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed using key words, "oncoplastic," "partial breast reconstruction," and "breast conservation therapy." Case reports, case series, and studies with fewer than 10 patients and studies that did not report re-excision rates were excluded. A retrospective chart review was performed from 2011 to 2017 of all cases of oncoplastic breast conservation therapy performed at our institution by a single 2-surgeon team consisting of 1 breast surgeon and 1 plastic surgeon. Outcomes were assessed by comparing re-excision rates between the 3 comparison groups (BCT, BCT + R, BCT + r). RESULTS: The BCT group was made of 5965 patients (22 articles), and the BCT + R group comprised 2564 patients (41 articles). Re-excision rates in the BCT + R group were lower (4.0%) than the BCT group (17.2%, P = 0.0001). One hundred seventy-two patients comprised the BCT + r group and underwent oncoplastic breast conservation therapy during the study period at our institution. The re-excision rate in the BCT + r group was 1.7% and was significantly lower than the BCT group (P = 0.0001) and lower but not significantly different from the BCT + R group (P = 0.2113). CONCLUSIONS: Oncoplastic breast conservation therapy leads to lower re-excision rates compared with standard breast conservation therapy. Oncoplastic breast conservation therapy may improve oncologic outcomes compared with standard breast conservation therapy by allowing for more extensive resection without compromising aesthetic results.