POLYMORPHISM OF COLLECTION, TRANSFUSION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DONOR PLATELETS CONCENTRATES.

There were compared the results of 520 platelets transfusions in 8 centers. In the surveyed organizations part of prophylactic platelet transfusions ranged from 10% to 91%. On average platelet transfusions for the prevention of bleeding in 3,6 times more often than to stop the bleeding. 67,5% ofrecipients ofplatelets have oncology diseases. Target platelet concentrations for preventive transfusions seems high compared to modern evidence-based value - 10 @. 10°/l. 25% ofprophylactic transfusions included in the study were performed in patients with platelet count of 30 @. 10°l or more. In 76,7% of transfusions used platelet concentrates prepared by apheresis. Single whole blood- derived-units are used at 3,7 times more often than pooled platelets.

[Prevalence and incidence of the infections among blood donors in Russia].

The prevalence and incidence of the infections among Russian blood donors in 2010-2012 was determined. The estimated residual risk of the transfusion infection was as follows: for HIV - 16.2, HCV - 33.7; HBV - 97.1 per 1 million donations. In the information system of the blood service AIST data should be divided based on the posi- tive results of screening and confirmatory tests for markers of the infection. High risk of the transfusion infection with HIV, hepatitis B and C stimulates the active implementation of the measures for increasing the safety of blood: the selection of donors, increasing the sensitivity of infections screening methods, inactivation of patho- gens in blood components, and transfusion management appointment at the clinic.

[Analysis of errors in transfusion of blood].

The authors studied materials of 17 complications due to transfusion of erythrocytes incompatible by AB0 phenotype, developed during 25 years in clinics of the Stavropol krai. All complications were associated with concrete defects in the work of blood service: wrong organization of blood service management in the clinic, poor special training of the personnel, low technological equipment of blood service, errors in laboratory investigations, laboratory investigations made not by specialists of laboratory diagnostics. In 40% of cases of posttransfusion complications transfusion was not indicated.

[Quality of transfusion means and protocols of massive transfusions].

The authors have analyzed distinctions of transfusion correction of massive blood loss in Russia and abroad. National protocols of massive transfusions suppose using plasma volumes 3-4 times greater than similar protocols in other developed countries. Russian standards of quality of blood components do not correspond to the tasks of modem transfusion therapy.

[Occupational traumatism in blood service: improvement of the safety system].

An analysis of questionnaires used in the institutions of blood service has shown the absence of standards in maintenance of safety of the personnel storing up blood. Most frequent cases of contamination of the personnel with donors' blood was noted when venepunctions were being made, during filling the test-tubes from a tube, utilization of waste products, cutting the tubes and opening the test tubes. Introduction of a system of higher occupational safety of the personnel and successive action of using innovations, up-to-date configuration of hemocontainers with vacuum sampling of the first portion of blood for laboratory investigations and fixed closing the needle allows reduce occupational traumatism in blood service.