[The competence in health issues of population of circumpolar region of the Russian Federation].

The health literacy of citizen is determined by a set of demographic and social factors. The deficiency of health literacy of population in the Russian Arctic Zone conditions delay in indicators characterizing population health from their all-Russian values and menaces ability to achieve the targets of the National Strategy of Development of Russian Arctic Zone and Ensuring National Security up to 2035.The purpose of the study is to assess level of health literacy of patients and healthy population residing in circumpolar territories of Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast).The level of general health literacy in the subgroups of respondents varied in narrow range of 26.9-36.3 points. The most significant difference was established between scores of interactive health literacy (Δ = 4.1 points) and critical health literacy (Δ = 3.4 points), which were higher in group of healthy respondents. The predictors of level of general health literacy are clinical status (value of dependent variables in healthy respondents was on average higher on 0.75-1.73 points), self-assessment of one's positioning in society (every additional point increases average level of general health literacy by 0.47-0.79 points) and age (every additional year of life reduces level of general health literacy by 0.08 - 0.09 points). The results of the study indicate on dependency between clinical status and the level of health literacy, determine social characteristics of risk group with low health literacy as object of additional preventive measures directed at citizen residing in in circumpolar terrotories of The Russian Federation.

Sub-lattice of Jahn-Teller centers in hexaferrite crystal.

A novel type of sub-lattice of the Jahn-Teller (JT) centers was arranged in Ti-doped barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19. In the un-doped crystal all iron ions, sitting in five different crystallographic positions, are Fe3+ in the high-spin configuration (S = 5/2) and have a non-degenerate ground state. We show that the electron-donor Ti substitution converts the ions to Fe2+ predominantly in tetrahedral coordination, resulting in doubly-degenerate states subject to the [Formula: see text] problem of the JT effect. The arranged JT complexes, Fe2+O4, their adiabatic potential energy, non-linear and quantum dynamics, have been studied by means of ultrasound and terahertz-infrared spectroscopies. The JT complexes are sensitive to external stress and applied magnetic field. For that reason, the properties of the doped crystal can be controlled by the amount and state of the JT complexes.

[Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection according to the data on fetal outcomes in Moscow in 2015-2017]. / Rasprostranennost' infektsii, vyzvannoi virusami gepatita V i S, po materialam letal'nykh iskhodov v Moskve v 2015-2017 gg.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infection among the people who died in Moscow in 2015-2017, by studying the primary medical records of a representative sample of fatal outcomes, followed by the mathematical extrapolation of the data obtained to the total number of all deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 2015-2017 primary medical documentations from 8 therapeutic-and-preventive establishments with morbid anatomy units in the administrative districts and from 2 infectious diseases hospitals of the Moscow Healthcare Department were studied. The sample of those who died was 11.8-12.1% of the total number of all-cause deaths in Moscow during these years and was representative at a 0.95 confidence probability and a ±5% confidence interval. The Bernoulli theorem and the Laplace function for the 95% confidence probability were used to extrapolate the obtained data to the number of all those who died in these years. RESULTS: The mortality rates associated with acute viral hepatitis B and C were 0.04-0.07 and 0-0.008, respectively, per 100,000 population, which corresponds to the official statistical data. The mortality rates for chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in their outcomes, including hepatocellular carcinomas in their presence, exceeded the official statistical data by many times, accounting for 0.5-1.6 and 10.4-12.1 persons with viral hepatitis B and C, respectively, per 100,000 population and rose by 22.5% over 3 years. The rates obtained for hepatitis B virus were 1.7-5.6 lower, and those for hepatitis C virus were, on the contrary, 1.3-1.5 times higher than average in the European Union countries. There was a manifold (7.4-24-fold) prevalence of hepatitis C virus in the etiology of chronic liver damage. The mortality from liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and unknown etiology was 14.4-19.5 persons per 100,000 population and declined by 21% over 3 years. The percentage of deaths caused by acute viral hepatitis was 0.5% per 100,000 population in Moscow in 2017; that caused by chronic viral hepatitis, including liver cirrhosis in the outcome and hepatocellular carcinoma, which had developed in their presence, was 46.3%; and that of liver cirrhosis of alcoholic and unspecified etiology was 48.7% of the total number of all liver lesions. CONCLUSION: The study of primary medical records of a representative sample of fatal outcomes, followed by the mathematical extrapolation of the data obtained to the number of all deaths, makes it possible to objectively estimate the burden of mortality from hepatitis B and C viral infection.

Lifetime Prevalence of Transient Loss of Consciousness in an Urban Russian Population / Prevalência de Perda de Consciência Temporária em População Russa Urbana

Abstract Background: Most international studies on epidemiology of transient loss of consciousness (TLC) were performed many years ago. There are no data about the lifetime prevalence of TLC in Russia. Objective: To identify the lifetime prevalence and presumed mechanisms of TLC in an urban Russian population. Methods: 1796 individuals (540 males [30.1%] and 1256 females [69.9%]) aged 20 to 69 years (mean age 45.8 ± 11.9 years) were randomly selected and interviewed within the framework of multicentre randomised observational trial. Results: The overall prevalence of TLC in the studied population was 23.3% (418/1796), with the highest proportion (28%) seen in 40-49 year age group. TLC was significantly more common in women than in men (27.5% vs 13.5%). The mean age of patients at the time of the first event was 16 (11; 23) years, with 333 (85%) individuals experiencing the first episode of TLC under 30 years. The average time after the first episode of TLC was 27 (12; 47) years. The following mechanisms of TLC were determined using the questionnaire: neurally-mediated syncope (56.5%), arrhythmogenic onset of syncope (6.0%), nonsyncopal origin of TLC (1.4%), single episode during lifetime (2.1%). Reasons for TLC remained unidentified in 34% cases. 27 persons (6.5%) reported a family history of sudden death, mainly patients with presumably arrhythmogenic origin (24%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the overall prevalence of TLC in individuals aged 20-69 years is high. The most common cause of TLC is neurally-mediated syncope. These data about the epidemiology can help to develop cost-effective management approaches to TLC.

Resumo Fundamento: A maioria dos estudos internacionais sobre epidemiologia da perda de consciência temporária (PCT) foi realizada há muitos anos. Não há dados sobre sua prevalência ao longo da vida na Rússia. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência ao longo da vida e os supostos mecanismos da PCT em uma população russa urbana. Métodos: 1.796 indivíduos (540 homens 30,1% e 1.256 mulheres 69,9%) com idade entre 20 e 69 anos (idade média, 45,8 ± 11,9 anos) foram selecionados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no contexto de um estudo multicêntrico randomizado observacional. Resultados: A prevalência global de PCT na população estudada foi 23,3% (418/1.796), sendo a mais alta proporção (28%) observada na faixa etária de 40-49 anos. PCT foi significativamente mais comum nas mulheres (27,5% vs 13,5%). A idade média dos pacientes por ocasião do primeiro evento foi 16 (11; 23) anos, com 333 (85%) indivíduos experienciando o primeiro episódio de PCT antes dos 30 anos. O tempo médio após o primeiro episódio de PCT foi 27 (12; 47) anos. Os seguintes mecanismos de PCT foram determinados usando-se um questionário: síncope neuromediada (56,5%), síncope de origem arritmogênica (6,0%), PCT de origem não sincopal (1,4%), episódio único durante a vida (2,1%). A causa de PCT não foi identificada em 34% dos casos, sendo que 27 pacientes (6,5%) relataram história familiar de morte súbita, principalmente aqueles com PCT de suposta origem arritmogênica (24%). Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem uma alta prevalência global de PCT em indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 69 anos. A causa mais comum de PCT é a síncope neuromediada. Esse dado sobre a epidemiologia pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de abordagem custo-efetiva para PCT.

Lifetime Prevalence of Transient Loss of Consciousness in an Urban Russian Population.

BACKGROUND: Most international studies on epidemiology of transient loss of consciousness (TLC) were performed many years ago. There are no data about the lifetime prevalence of TLC in Russia. OBJECTIVE: To identify the lifetime prevalence and presumed mechanisms of TLC in an urban Russian population. METHODS: 1796 individuals (540 males [30.1%] and 1256 females [69.9%]) aged 20 to 69 years (mean age 45.8 ± 11.9 years) were randomly selected and interviewed within the framework of multicentre randomised observational trial. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of TLC in the studied population was 23.3% (418/1796), with the highest proportion (28%) seen in 40-49 year age group. TLC was significantly more common in women than in men (27.5% vs 13.5%). The mean age of patients at the time of the first event was 16 (11; 23) years, with 333 (85%) individuals experiencing the first episode of TLC under 30 years. The average time after the first episode of TLC was 27 (12; 47) years. The following mechanisms of TLC were determined using the questionnaire: neurally-mediated syncope (56.5%), arrhythmogenic onset of syncope (6.0%), nonsyncopal origin of TLC (1.4%), single episode during lifetime (2.1%). Reasons for TLC remained unidentified in 34% cases. 27 persons (6.5%) reported a family history of sudden death, mainly patients with presumably arrhythmogenic origin (24%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the overall prevalence of TLC in individuals aged 20-69 years is high. The most common cause of TLC is neurally-mediated syncope. These data about the epidemiology can help to develop cost-effective management approaches to TLC.

[The rational approach to the estimation of the myocardial infarction size].

The paper contains review of published data on various methods of quantitative assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) with demonstration of their advantages and drawbacks. Comparative analysis of applicability of existing biochemical markers of necrosis for measurement of the volume of myocardial damage is also presented. Troponin I level measured in 72 hours after onset of chest pain appears to be the most reliable predictor of MI size but its use is justified only in patients with restored perfusion. Troponin T level measured in 72 hours after onset of acute coronary syndrome also correlates closely with MI size but does not depend on the character of reperfusion. Estimation of MI size based on blood concentration of troponins is more precise than methods based on levels of creatine phosphokinase and its MB fraction.