Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer.

Regional lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic indicator in most solid tumors. Lymph nodes first to receive the lymphatic flow from the peritumoral region are called sentinel nodes. Extirpation methodology of these nodes is rather short (around 10 years) and is related to the following names: Cabanas, Morton, Uren, Berman, Glass, Alex, Cragg.... There are two visualization methods of sentinel nodes: detecting dyes (isosulfan blue or patent-blau V) and radioactive detection (technetium-Tc-99m-antimony-sulfide, sulphur-colloid or human albumin). Scintigraphy is usually performed 24 hours prior to surgery, whereas staining immediately before operation. Extirpated nodes are histopathologically examined and then findings are compared with the findings of other axillary nodes which require obligatory dissection. Results of great studies (Veronesi, Paganelli) show that under precise criteria it would be possible to form a group of patients, prepared for breast cancer surgery, in whom axillary lymph dissection could be avoided.

[Goals and scientific achievements of the Institute of Oncology]. / Stremljenja i strucno-naucna dostignuca Instituta za onkologiju.

The Institute of oncology represents an oncological center which renders the measures of prevention, early detection and diagnostic of tumours and multidisciplinary strategy for antitumour treatment, including rehabilitation of patients suffering from tumours. To fulfil the above mentioned aims the Institute is organized in ten completely operative units and several functional centres and committees. The paper presents only few aspects of diagnostic and treatment of tumour, and the implementation of the programmes and targets of individual organizational units within the Institute. This orientation is particularly actual now when epidemiological studies show an increase of disease and mortality incidence in the region of Vojvodina.

[Modern dilemmas in the treatment of breast carcinoma]. / Sadasnje dileme u odnosu na lecenje karcinoma dojke.

By means of a detailed analysis of literature data and our own results when available, the paper presents different therapeutic options in the treatment of breast cancer patients that are applied in our country today and the that might be applied in relation to modern knowledge and discoveries in experimental oncology, early detection and diagnostics of breast cancer. It is stressed that the use of this knowledge may result in slightly better rate of survival but the main emphasis is on the quality of life of treated patients and more rational delivery of available therapeutic options.

Prognostic variables in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours.

Prognostic variables in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumour were studied with a view to identifying those most likely to benefit from aggressive therapy. A total of 188 patients were studied; the median follow-up of those surviving was 72 months. On univariate analysis variables of prognostic significance were sex (P < 0.01), site of the primary tumour (P < 0.01), depth of invasion (P < 0.001), tumour size (P < 0.005), presence of lymph node (P < 0.001) or liver (P < 0.001) metastases, mode of discovery (P < 0.001) and operative intent (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis the variables independently predictive of death from disease were sex (women have a better prognosis) and presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis.

Protocol of the diagnostic, therapy and follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer.

The Protocol of the multidisciplinary diagnostic treatment and follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancers, made in the Institute of Oncology in Sremska Kamenica, is described. It is in use in this institution from 1990. It is in concordance with general oncology principles and follows the guidelines of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) concerning this problem.

[Anterior pelvic exenteration with ileocystoplasty in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix]. / Prednja pelvicna egzocentracija sa ileocistoplastikom kod odmaklog raka grlica materice.

A female patient with the IV grade cervical carcinoma without distant metastases is presented. The patient underwent a radical surgical intervention. An anterior pelvic exenteration with ileocystoplasties was successfully performed. The patient is alive 14 months after the initial treatment. No greater complications were observed during the operation and after it, but in spite of a satisfactory general status, the patient has had nocturnal incontinence all the time. It is believed that this complication is the sequel of the newly formed urinary bladder, as the convolution of the ileum is only 30 cm long which has proved insufficient.

[Attitude of an urban female population to detection of breast carcinoma]. / Odnos zena gradskog stanovnistva prema detekciji karcinoma dojke.

An anonymous poll was conducted among Novi Sad women (957 employed and 1000 unemployed) in order to investigate the attitude of women towards breast cancer (BC). Preliminary research established the fact that the majority of women did not have their breasts examined in the last 3 years (64% employed and 60.7% unemployed). The consideration of the possibility of becoming affected by BC is rare or doesn't exist at all in 86.3% of women, therefore the very important emotional stimulus is absent. The general knowledge about BC is insufficient and 1395 women (69.4%) have no knowledge about the methods of breast examination or are very poorly informed, and that also regards the method of breast self-examination which is regularly used by only 9.9% of employed, and 13.3% of unemployed women. A part of the polled women does not want to see a physician out of various reasons: ignorance, indifference, cancerophobia or distrust of used methods, but a portion of the women wants to be examined but cannot make this happen because of the small number of institutions in which such examinations are conducted. Seeing a physician for breast examination is usually provoked by personal motivation, and the influence of the press, radio and TV is very small (1.7% with the employed and 3.1% with the unemployed), as well as the advise of girlfriends or the presence of BC in the family. Under all of these circumstances about 50% of the women are ready to pay all costs of breast examination regardless of the existing health insurance, and the rest of them do not accept this because of various reasons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Liver injuries at the surgical clinic in Novi Sad from 1967-1978]. / Povrede jetre na klinici za hirurske bolesti u Novom Sadu od 1967 - 1978 g.

Experience gained from 80 ceses of liver injuries which have been under treatment at the Clinic of Surgical Diseases in Novi Sad in the period from 1967 to 1978 has been presented in this article. The number of liver injuries has amounted to 0,3% from a total of 23.300 injuried persons who have undergone the treatment at this clinic. The problems of dealing with liver injuries, especially those which can be expected in wartime, have been particularly emphasize.