Extended high-frequency hearing loss among Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Research trends concerning hearing loss within teen rural populations are limited and current evidence suggests that extended high-frequency audiometry can be a sensitive tool to detect subclinical hearing loss. Moreover, current research emphasises the importance of representing different ethnic populations in science. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acquired hearing loss through conventional pure-tone (0.25-8 kHz) and extended high frequency (EHF) (9-20 kHz) audiometry in Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 230 Afro-Colombian adolescents aged 13-17 years who attended high school in a rural population from Cartagena, Colombia. INTERVENTIONS: Otoscopic examination, conventional (0.25-8 kHz) and EHF (9-20 kHz) audiometry tests were performed during February-March 2021. Sociodemographic and associated factor questionnaires were also applied to assess probable factors associated with EHF hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acquired hearing loss using conventional and EHF audiometry, and factors associated with hearing loss. RESULTS: Of 230 adolescents who met the eligibility criteria, 133 (57.82%) were female. The mean age was 15.22 years (SD: 1.62). The prevalence of hearing loss in at least one ear assessed with conventional audiometry was 21.30% and with EHF audiometry 14.78%. The main abnormal otoscopic findings included: neotympanum (1.30%), myringosclerosis (0.87%) and monomeric scars (0.43%). Factors associated with a higher probability of EHF hearing loss found through logistic regression were older age (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.45; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.80), attending the 'Picó' four or more times a month (PR: 6.63; 95% CI 2.16 to 20.30), attending bars more than three times a month (PR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59) and self-reported hearing difficulties (PR: 1.24; 95% CI 1.22 to 4.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that acquired hearing loss is already widespread among this young rural population.

Our Voice in a rural community: empowering Colombian adolescents to advocate for school community well-being through citizen science.

BACKGROUND: Santa Ana is home to an Afro-descendant rural population of the island of Barú in Cartagena, Colombia. While a popular area for tourism, Santa Ana's population is affected by multidimensional poverty, precarious work conditions, homelessness, broken streets and sewer systems, limited quality education, and a lack of recreation and sport spaces. While Santa Ana's Community Action Board aims to unify efforts and resources to solve these problems, the state's capacity to meet the requirements of the Board is limited. METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between healthy lifestyles and characteristics of Santa Ana's school using the Our Voice Citizen Science Research Method. This systemic approach combines information and communication technologies with group facilitation to empower adolescents to: 1) collect and discuss data about factors in their local environments that facilitate or hinder well-being within their school community; 2) identify relevant local stakeholders who could help to address the issues identified; and 3) advocate collectively for local improvements to support increased well-being at a community level. RESULTS: Eleven citizen scientists ages 13 to 17 years from the science club of Institución Educativa Santa Ana were recruited and together conducted 11 walks within the school to collect data about the facilitators and barriers to student well-being. They identified barriers to well-being related to school infrastructure, furniture, bathrooms, and sense of belonging. They then advocated with school stakeholders and reached agreements on concrete actions to address identified barriers, including fostering a culture among students of caring for school property and presenting their findings to the community action board. This methodology allowed the community to realize how students can become agents of change and take collective action when motivated by solution-oriented methodologies such as Our Voice. Project ripple effects, including greater empowerment and participation in collective actions by students, also were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the importance of the school's built environment in the well-being of students in rural areas. The Our Voice method provided the opportunity to inform school-based interventions, and promoted ripple effects that expanded productive dialogue to the community level and generated systemic actions involving actors outside of the school community.

Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science.

Growing socioeconomic and structural disparities within and between nations have created unprecedented health inequities that have been felt most keenly among the world's youth. While policy approaches can help to mitigate such inequities, they are often challenging to enact in under-resourced and marginalized communities. Community-engaged participatory action research provides an alternative or complementary means for addressing the physical and social environmental contexts that can impact health inequities. The purpose of this article is to describe the application of a particular form of technology-enabled participatory action research, called the Our Voice citizen science research model, with youth. An overview of 20 Our Voice studies occurring across five continents indicates that youth and young adults from varied backgrounds and with interests in diverse issues affecting their communities can participate successfully in multiple contributory research processes, including those representing the full scientific endeavor. These activities can, in turn, lead to changes in physical and social environments of relevance to health, wellbeing, and, at times, climate stabilization. The article ends with future directions for the advancement of this type of community-engaged citizen science among young people across the socioeconomic spectrum.

Prevalência de depresión mayor en pacientes con preeclampsia en una clínica de cuarto nivel en Cali, Colombia / Prevalence of mayor depression in patients with preeclampsia in a fourth level clinic in Cali, Colombia

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de episodio de depresión mayor y caracterizar la funcionalidad familiar y apoyo social en embarazadas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia y hospitalizadas en la unidad de alto riesgo obstétrico de la Clínica Valle del Lili, desde diciembre de 2015 hasta mayo de 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 50 pacientes hospitalizadas. Se utilizó la Escala de depresión postnatal de Edimburgo para evaluar la presencia de síntomas depresivos y se tomó como valor de referencia 13 o más puntos, y la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiatrica Internacional en su apartado de "episodio depresivo mayor" para hacer el diagnóstico de episodio de depresión mayor. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 28,1 ± 6,7 años y edad gestacional promedio de 34 semanas. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue del 26 % y de depresión mayor fue del 20 %. El 66 % de las pacientes cursó con preeclampsia severa. Conclusiones: Una de cada cinco pacientes presentó episodio depresivo mayor. Los hallazgos concuerdan con lo reportado en la literatura y sugieren que es una condición frecuente en esta población.

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency of episodes of major depression and to characterize family functionality and social support in pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia hospitalized in the unit of high obstetric risk in Clinica Valle del Lili in Cali - Colombia, from December 2015 to May 2016. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in 50 hospitalized patients. The Postnatal Depression Scale of Edinburgh was used to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms and 13 or more points were taken as a reference value, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview in its section of major depressive episode to make the diagnosis of major depression episode. Results: Mean age was 28.1 ± 6.7 years and average gestational age was 34 weeks. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 26% and major depression was 20%. 66% of the patients had severe preeclampsia. Conclusions: one in five patients presented major depressive episode. The findings agree with what is reported in the literature and suggest that it is a frequent condition in this population.

Detección de síntomas depresivos en mujeres gestantes de alta complejidad obstétrica y factores correlacionados / Depressive Symptoms and Psychosocial Risk Factors in High Complexity Obstetric Patients Admitted to a Critical Care Obstetric Unit in Cali, Colombia

RESUMEN La depresión es la principal causa de arios perdidos por discapacidad en el mundo, y en mujeres la carga de la enfermedad es un 50% mayor que en varones. La depresión perinatal tiene mayor asociación con ansiedad, cronicidad y discapacidad que en otras etapas de la vida y es poco reconocida a pesar de su alta prevalencia y sus graves efectos en la salud de la madre y el feto. Se realizó un estudio en pacientes ingresadas y valoradas en una unidad de alto riesgo obstétrico en el proceso de implementación del programa durante los meses de enero a junio de 2014; se utilizaron la Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS) y un cuestionario previamente desarrollado para identificar la presencia de síntomas depresivos y factores de riesgo psicosocial. Se evaluó sistemáticamente a más de 600 mujeres, y se encontró que el 30,2% de las mujeres evaluadas tenían síntomas depresivos según la EPDS y el 3,6% había tenido ideas de autolesión en los últimos 7 días. Los factores relacionados evaluados indican una condición de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres con menor nivel socioeconómico. Los datos encontrados reiteran la importancia de detectar factores que tradicionalmente el personal de salud no identifica ni interviene a lo largo de la vida y particularmente durante la gestación.

ABSTRACT Depression is the main cause of years lossed due to disability in the world, and it affects 50% more women 50% than men. Perinatal depression has been linked with more anxiety, a chronic course, and disability than depression in other life stages. In spite of its high prevalence and serious health effects on both mother and foetus, it is frequently under-diagnosed. This study was performed on all high risk obstetric patients admitted to a critical care obstetric unit in Cali, Colombia, from January to June, 2014. Depressive symptoms and psychosocial risk factors were screened by means of a survey and the Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A total of 695 women were included, of whom 30.2% had depressive symptoms on the EPDS, and 3.6% reported having self-injury thoughts in the last 7 days. Our findings are consistent with previous reports on a history of child abuse and family depression as risk factors. It was also suggested that lower socio-economic status is associated with more vulnerability. Early screening is needed to ensure timely detection and treatment.

[Depressive Symptoms and Psychosocial Risk Factors in High Complexity Obstetric Patients Admitted to a Critical Care Obstetric Unit in Cali, Colombia]. / Detección de síntomas depresivos en mujeres gestantes de alta complejidad obstétrica y factores correlacionados.

Depression is the main cause of years lossed due to disability in the world, and it affects 50% more women 50% than men. Perinatal depression has been linked with more anxiety, a chronic course, and disability than depression in other life stages. In spite of its high prevalence and serious health effects on both mother and foetus, it is frequently under-diagnosed. This study was performed on all high risk obstetric patients admitted to a critical care obstetric unit in Cali, Colombia, from January to June, 2014. Depressive symptoms and psychosocial risk factors were screened by means of a survey and the Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A total of 695 women were included, of whom 30.2% had depressive symptoms on the EPDS, and 3.6% reported having self-injury thoughts in the last 7 days. Our findings are consistent with previous reports on a history of child abuse and family depression as risk factors. It was also suggested that lower socio-economic status is associated with more vulnerability. Early screening is needed to ensure timely detection and treatment.

Condrodisplasia punctata (Happle) / Chondrodysplasia punctata (Happle)

Se presentan 2 pacientes con condrodisplasia punctata atendidos en el Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan entre los años 1990 y 1997. Ambas pacientes eran de sexo femenino con edades de 3 y de 30 días, respectivamente, en el momento de la consulta. Los dos casos presentaron lesiones cutáneas y óseas características del síndrome, con asimetría de miembros inferiores desde el nacimiento, confirmándose posteriormente mediante el estudio radiológico de huesos largos la presencia de displasia punteada de los mismos. Asimismo una de las dos pacientes presentaba polidactilia de mano izquierda, sindactilia de 2º, 3º y 4º dedos de pie derecho, microoftalmos con catarata de ojo izquierdo y alopecia. La condrodisplasia punctata tipo II es heredada en forma ligada al X, letal para los varones. Los cambios cutáneos ictiosiformes siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko son l

Condrodisplasia punctata (Happle) / Chondrodysplasia punctata (Happle)

Se presentan 2 pacientes con condrodisplasia punctata atendidos en el Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan entre los años 1990 y 1997. Ambas pacientes eran de sexo femenino con edades de 3 y de 30 días, respectivamente, en el momento de la consulta. Los dos casos presentaron lesiones cutáneas y óseas características del síndrome, con asimetría de miembros inferiores desde el nacimiento, confirmándose posteriormente mediante el estudio radiológico de huesos largos la presencia de displasia punteada de los mismos. Asimismo una de las dos pacientes presentaba polidactilia de mano izquierda, sindactilia de 2º, 3º y 4º dedos de pie derecho, microoftalmos con catarata de ojo izquierdo y alopecia. La condrodisplasia punctata tipo II es heredada en forma ligada al X, letal para los varones. Los cambios cutáneos ictiosiformes siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko son la característica más importante y permite diferenciar el tipo II de la CD de los demás grupos. Es importante remarcar que en ambos casos las manifestaciones cutáneas fueron fundamentales para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad

Anquilose da ATM pós-trauma na infancia: apresentaçäo de caso clínico / Ankylosis of the TMJ after trauma: clinical case report

Relato de caso clínico de paciente do gênero feminino, com 13 anos de idade, que sofreu acidente automobilístico, com fratura do pescoço do processo articular da mandíbula. Como sequela do trauma, apresentou anquilose verdadeira unilateral da articulaçäo temporamandibular (ATM) esquerda. A paciente foi submetida a procedimento cirúrgico realizado no Hospital Cristo Redentor, do Grupo Hospitalar Conceiçäo (GHC), em Porto Alegre, para remoçäo do bloco anquilótico e reconstruçäo do processo articular da mandíbula, com enxerto constocondral num único tempo cirúrgico

Angiolipomas múltiples / Multiple angiolipomas

Paciente con múltiples nódulos subcutáneos azulados y livedo reticular que planteó dificultades en el diagnóstico clínico de angiolipomas. La coloración azulada y el dolor pueden orientar en el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades

Angiolipomas múltiples / Multiple angiolipomas

Paciente con múltiples nódulos subcutáneos azulados y livedo reticular que planteó dificultades en el diagnóstico clínico de angiolipomas. La coloración azulada y el dolor pueden orientar en el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades

Litiasis urinaria en pacientes de la clinica El Bosque / Urinary lithiasis in patients of clinica El Bosque

Se llevo a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 77 pacientes con litiasis urinaria que consultaron al departamento de urologia de la clinica el Bosque de Bogota entre junio de 1979 a diciembre de 1987. Se encontro que la urolitiasis es mas frecuente en el sexo masculino en la poblacion que se encuentra entre los 21 a 40 anos y que realiza poca actividad fisica, ademas se vio mayor incidencia de la entidad en habitantes de clima frio siendo este el unico dato desacorde con los estudios revisados. En cuanto a la presencia de antecedentes se establecio que el 20.7% de pacientes habian presentado un episodio previo y el 212.6% tenian antecedentes personales cercanos. En el cuadro clinico se vio que los sintomas mas frecuentes acusados por los pacientes fueron el dolor abdominal 77% nauseas y vomito 24%, dolor lumbar 22%, hematuria 17%, disuria 13%. La irradiacion del dolor en la mayoria de los casos fue a los genitales 24.6%, region lumbar 14.2% y muslo 12%. Como ayudas diagnosticas fueron solicitadas el cuadro hematico, el parcial de orina y medios radiologicos. En las historias clinicas revisadas no se encontraron datos acerca del tipo de alimentacion del paciente, farmacos que venian rcibiendo y el analisis de los calculos excretados, por lo que no se pudo trabajar sobre estos puntos. Tomando como base el trabajo realizado propusimos un esquema de enfoque y manejo de la entidad, para la Clinica el Bosque (Bogota).