Effect of heterologous expression of FT gene from Medicago truncatula in growth and flowering behavior of olive plants.

Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the most important crops of the Mediterranean Basin and temperate areas worldwide. Obtaining new olive varieties adapted to climatic changing conditions and to modern agricultural practices, as well as other traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance and increased oil quality, is currently required; however, the long juvenile phase, as in most woody plants, is the bottleneck in olive breeding programs. Overexpression of genes encoding the 'florigen' Flowering Locus T (FT), can cause the loss of the juvenile phase in many perennials including olives. In this investigation, further characterization of three transgenic olive lines containing an FT encoding gene from Medicago truncatula, MtFTa1, under the 35S CaMV promoter, was carried out. While all three lines flowered under in vitro conditions, one of the lines stopped flowering after acclimatisation. In soil, all three lines exhibited a modified plant architecture; e.g., a continuous branching behaviour and a dwarfing growth habit. Gene expression and hormone content in shoot tips, containing the meristems from which this phenotype emerged, were examined. Higher levels of OeTFL1, a gene encoding the flowering repressor TERMINAL FLOWER 1, correlated with lack of flowering. The branching phenotype correlated with higher content of salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and isopentenyl adenosine, and lower content of abscisic acid. The results obtained confirm that heterologous expression of MtFTa1 in olive induced continuous flowering independently of environmental factors, but also modified plant architecture. These phenotypical changes could be related to the altered hormonal content in transgenic plants.

Reacciones adversas a medicamentos notificadas por pacientes del policlínico Gustavo Aldereguía / Adverse drug reactions reported by patients from Gustavo Aldereguía Polyclinic

Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos son el resultado de una interacción entre el medicamento administrado y algunas características inherentes o adquiridas del paciente y que determinan el patrón individual de respuesta. Se realizó un estudio, donde se describen los principales resultados obtenidos en el sistema de la farmacovigilancia del policlínico Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2012. Los casos se reportaron a través del modelo 33-36-1, para el reporte de sospecha de reacciones adversas a medicamentos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 242 pacientes notificados con reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM), obteniéndose como resultados más relevantes que el 67,3 por ciento eran pacientes del sexo femenino; los meses de abril y mayo fueron los de mayor cantidad de reportes; el 90,9 por ciento fueron reportados por médicos; los grupos farmacológicos que mayor incidencia tuvieron, en el orden siguiente, fueron los antibacterianos, los antihipertensivos y las vacunas; las reacciones más frecuentes fueron el eritema, la fiebre y el prurito, siendo la piel el órgano más reportado; el 30,1 por ciento fueron importantes (según criterios para determinar RAM importantes, descritos en las normas y procedimientos de trabajo del sistema cubano de farmacovigilancia). Según la causalidad, el 95,4 por ciento fueron probables y el 63,2 por ciento frecuentes. El 19,0 por ciento requirió atención de urgencia (AU)

The adverse drug reactions (ADR) are the result of an interaction between the administered drug and some inherent or acquired characteristics of the patient that determine the individual response pattern. A study was carried out to describe the main results obtained from the pharmaco-vigilance system of Aldereguía Polyclinic from January to December, 2012. The cases were reported by means of the 33-36-1 form for the report of adverse drug reaction suspect. The sample was made up of 242 patients reported with adverse drug reactions. The most relevant results obtained were that the 67,3 percent were female patients; April and May were the months with the highest number of reports; the 90,9 percent were reported by doctors; the pharmacologic groups with the highest incidences were the antibacterial, antihypertensive and vaccines, in that order. The most frequent reactions were erythema, fever and pruritus, and the skin was the most reported organ; the 30,1 percent was important (following the criteria to determine important ADR described in the Norms and Procedures of Work of the Cuban Pharmaco-vigilance System). According to causality, the 95,4 percent were probable and the 63,2 percent were frequent. The 19,0 percent required urgent medical care (AU)

Isolation, characterization, and localization of AgaSGNH cDNA: a new SGNH-motif plant hydrolase specific to Agave americana L. leaf epidermis.

GDSL and SGNH hydrolases are lipases involved in a wide range of functions, behaving in many cases as bifunctional enzymes. In this work, the isolation and characterization of AgaSGNH, a cDNA encoding a member of the SGNH-hydrolase superfamily from young leaf epidermis of the monocot Agave americana L., is reported. The protein possesses a typical signal peptide at its N-terminus that allows its secretion to the epidermis cell wall, as verified by immunolocalization experiments. In addition, the AgaSGNH sequence contains a His-Leu-Gly-Ala-Glu (HLGAE) motif which is similar to that observed in other plant acyltransferases. Expression levels by northern blot and in situ localization of the corresponding mRNA, as well as the immunolocalization of the protein in Agave young leaves indicate that the protein is specifically present in the epidermal cells. The detailed study performed in different parts of the Agave leaf confirms two aspects: first, the expression of AgaSGNH is limited to the epidermis, and second, the maximum mRNA levels are found in the epidermis of the youngest zones of the leaf which are especially active in cutin biosynthesis. These levels dramatically decrease in the oldest zone of the leaf, where the presence of AgaSGNH mRNA is undetectable, and the biosynthesis of different cuticle components is severely reduced. These data could be compatible with the hypothesis that AgaSGNH could carry out both the hydrolysis and the transfer, from an activated acyl-CoA to a crescent cutin in Agave americana leaves and, therefore, be involved in the still unknown mechanism of plant cutin biosynthesis.

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a membrane bound acyl-CoA binding protein from Agave americana L. epidermis.

A cDNA encoding an acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) homologue has been cloned from a cDNA library made from mRNA isolated from epidermis of young leaves of Agave americana L. The derived amino acid sequence reveals a protein corresponding to the membrane-associated form of ACBPs only previously described in Arabidopsis and rice. Northern blot analysis showed that the A. americana ACBP gene is mainly expressed in the epidermis of mature zone of the leaves. The epidermis of A. americana leaves have a well developed cuticle with the highest amounts of the cuticular components waxes, cutin and cutan suggesting a potential role of the protein in cuticle formation.

[Aerobiological study of Alternaria and Cladosporium conidia in the atmosphere of Almeria (SE Spain)]. / Estudio aerobiológico de los conidios de Alternaria y Cladosporium en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Almería (SE de España).

This study analysed the seasonal and intradiurnal behaviour of fungal spores from Alternaria and Cladosporium on air samples collected in the city of Almeria (SE Spain), as well as the influence that meteorological parameters have on the concentration of these type of spores. Aerobiological sampling was made during four years (1998-2001) using a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. Spores of Alternaria and Cladosporium were detected throughout the year, reaching the highest concentrations from May to October. The diurnal patterns of these taxons reflected a presence similar of spores during a 24 h period, with values horary close to 4% of total sampling daily. The correlations show a positive association with temperature, hours of sunshine and accumulate rainfall, but negative with daily rainfall.

Características Relacionadas con la Incidencia de Hipertensos en el Consultorio médico de la familia 34-02 de Enero a Diciembre de 2001 / Characteristics related to the incidence of hypertensives in the 34-02 Doctors Office: january- December 2001

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 37 pacientes detectados como hipertensos, en el CMF 34-02, de la Policlínica Dr Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de enero a diciembre de 2000, debido a la alta incidencia de HTA registrada este año, para determinar las principales características de dicho grupo y su relación con la gran incidencia. El sexo mas afectado fue el masculino (64,87 por ciento), predominó la raza blanca (64,85 por ciento) y las edades más frecuentes estuvieron entre 30 y 59 años (56,75 por ciento. La HTA estadío I presentó la mayor cantidad de casos (51,35 por ciento) La excesiva ingestión de cloruro de sodio fue el factor de riesgo mas frecuente (100 por ciento) y la obesidad (24,32 por ciento) la más asociada. No existió ninguna característica en la muestra que justificara el elevado número de pacientes encontrados. Se recomendaron medidas para mejorar estos parámetros (AU)

He/she was carried out a retrospective descriptive study of 37 patients detected as hipertensos in the CMF-34-02 of the policlínica Dr Gustavo Aldereguía Lima of January-December 2001; of the municipality Tunas country the tunas ;due to the high existence of registered hipertensos this year; to. Determine the main characteristics of this group and their relationship with the great incidence was the affected sex the masculine one (64,87 per cent) did the white race prevalí ( 64,85 per cent) and were the most frequent ages between 30 and 59 years (56.76 per cent) la hypertension .Estadio if presented the biggest guantity in cases with 51, 35 per cent the excessive ingestion of chloride of sodium was the factor of more frequentrisk with (100 per cent) and the obesity with (24,2]) the most associate Any characteristic didnt exist in the sample that justified the high number of opposing patients. Meassures were recommended for it improved these parameters (AU)