[Renal cell carcinoma: pathological prognostic factors, staging and histopathological classification of 355 cases]. / Carcinoma de células renales: factores patológicos pronósticos, estadificación y clasificación histopatológica.

BACKGROUND: New morphologic entities for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) that influence the prognosis have been described. Clinical staging has also undergone several modifications, the last one published in 2010 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The aim of this article is to determine the prevalence of histological subtypes, Fuhrman grading and clinical staging of renal cell carcinomas. METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study, from January 2008 to June 2013. 355 cases of RCC were reclassified according to nuclear grading and new histopathological diagnostics and staging according to the TNM. A Kappa index was used for the diagnostic concordance and nuclear grading. RESULTS: Conventional renal cell carcinoma corresponded to 84.51 %, followed by chromophobe carcinoma and papillary. Less common subtypes were: multilocular cystic carcinoma, papillary clear cell carcinoma and others. Nuclear grading was directly related to the tumoral size and clinical staging (p < 0.001). The predominant stage was pT1b N0 M0, followed by pT3a N0 M0. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent tumor was clear cell RCC, followed by chromophobe carcinoma and papillary carcinoma. Nuclear grading, necrosis, eosinophilic cells areas with areas of sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation are prognostic factors associated with an increased aggression and risk of metastases.

Introducción: recientemente se han descrito nuevas entidades morfológicas de carcinomas de células renales (CCR) que influyen en el pronóstico. La estadificación clínica también ha sufrido modificaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de los subtipos histológicos, el grado nuclear de Fuhrman y el estadio clínico del CCR. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y comparativo de enero de 2008 a junio de 2013. Se analizaron 355 casos de CCR, fueron reclasificados de acuerdo con el grado nuclear y nuevos diagnósticos histopatológicos (clasificación de Vancouver) y estadificados de acuerdo con el TNM. Se realizó índice de Kappa para la concordancia diagnóstica y gradación nuclear, la asociación de variables cualitativas fue comparada con chi cuadrada. Resultados: el CCR claras convencional fue del 84.5 %, seguido del cromófobo y papilar. Otros subtipos menos frecuentes fueron: el carcinoma quístico multilocular, el CCR papilar de células claras y otros. El grado nuclear estuvo directamente relacionado con el tamaño tumoral y con el estadio clínico (p < 0.001). El estadio que predomino fue el pT1b N0 M0, seguido del pT3a N0 M0. Conclusiones: el tumor más frecuente fue el CCR claras, seguido del cromófobo y papilar. El grado nuclear, necrosis, áreas eosinófilas, sarcomatoides y rabdoides son factores pronósticos asociados a mayor agresividad y riesgo de metástasis.

Biofilm-specific extracellular matrix proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a human respiratory tract pathogen, can form colony biofilms in vitro. Bacterial cells and the amorphous extracellular matrix (ECM) constituting the biofilm can be separated using sonication. The ECM from 24- and 96-h NTHi biofilms contained polysaccharides and proteinaceous components as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. More conventional chemical assays on the biofilm ECM confirmed the presence of these components and also DNA. Proteomics revealed eighteen proteins present in biofilm ECM that were not detected in planktonic bacteria. One ECM protein was unique to 24-h biofilms, two were found only in 96-h biofilms, and fifteen were present in the ECM of both 24- and 96-h NTHi biofilms. All proteins identified were either associated with bacterial membranes or cytoplasmic proteins. Immunocytochemistry showed two of the identified proteins, a DNA-directed RNA polymerase and the outer membrane protein OMP P2, associated with bacteria and biofilm ECM. Identification of biofilm-specific proteins present in immature biofilms is an important step in understanding the in vitro process of NTHi biofilm formation. The presence of a cytoplasmic protein and a membrane protein in the biofilm ECM of immature NTHi biofilms suggests that bacterial cell lysis may be a feature of early biofilm formation.